Xuan Lei

Abstract As a central hub on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, Lhasa exhibits unique rural settlement patterns shaped by harsh high-altitude environments, economic disparities, and profound socio-cultural influences. To elucidate the underlying formation mechanisms, this study constructs a “Nature-Economy-Culture” tripartite framework. Using data from 226 villages, we established an integrated workflow encompassing pattern identification, driver detection, and mechanism modeling.

1 Introduction Surface turbulent fluxes refer to the momentum, heat, and water vapor exchanges between the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and the surface via turbulence, including friction velocity, kinematic sensible heat flux, and kinematic latent heat flux (Domingo et al., 2022; Tyler et al., 2022).

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