Y.Zheng, J.Li, W.Shen, T.Zhang, H.Hu, X.Nie. Materialwiss. Werkstofftech.. 2026; 000, e70090. https://doi.org/10.1002/mawe.70090 Conflict of interest The authors declare no financial or commercial conflict of interest. Data availability statement The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. References 1, , Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 2023, 68(1), 287. 2 and , Materials. 2024, 17, 3763.