Yergali Abduraimov

1 Introduction Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1), the etiological agent of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) and infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IPV), remains a pathogen of considerable veterinary and economic concern worldwide. The virus, belonging to the genus Varicellovirus within the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae (family Herpesviridae), causes respiratory, reproductive, and neonatal disease in cattle, resulting in significant production and trade losses (1).

BRIEF RESEARCH REPORT article Volume 12 - 2025 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1717314 This article is part of the Research TopicEpidemiology, Prevention, and Control of Animal Diseases in KazakhstanView all 13 articles 1 Introduction Ovine salmonellosis, caused by Salmonella Abortusovis (S. Abortusovis), is an infectious disease leading to late-term abortions, stillbirths, and the birth of weak lambs (1).

Summary Background Vaccination remains the primary measure to prevent the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, further necessitating the use of effective licensed vaccines. Methods From Dec 25, 2020, to July 11, 2021, we conducted a multicenter, randomised, single-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 efficacy trial of the QazCovid-in® vaccine with a 180-day follow-up period in three clinical centres in Kazakhstan.