Yinde Huang

1 Introduction Aberrant vasculature is a hallmark of the tumor microenvironment (TME), characterized by disorganized architecture, incomplete basement membranes, and increased vascular permeability. These abnormalities impair tissue perfusion, aggravate hypoxia and acidosis, and limit both drug delivery and immune cell infiltration [1, 2]. Anti-angiogenic therapy, primarily targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway, has achieved partial clinical success in solid tumors.

To the Editor We read with great interest the recent multicenter randomized trial by Cousart et al1 evaluating fiber-based near-infrared autofluorescence (NIRAF) for intraoperative parathyroid gland (PG) detection during endocrine neck surgery. The authors are to be commended for a rigorous and large-scale investigation of a real-time, label-free imaging modality with intuitive appeal.

Introduction The rapid increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer (TC) has attracted worldwide attention. It is estimated that there will be 224,023 new cases in China [1] and 43,800 new cases in the United States in 2022 [2]. The widespread use of high-resolution imaging techniques such as ultrasonography has led to a sharp increase in the incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) [3–6].