Yinde Huang

1 Introduction Aberrant vasculature is a hallmark of the tumor microenvironment (TME), characterized by disorganized architecture, incomplete basement membranes, and increased vascular permeability. These abnormalities impair tissue perfusion, aggravate hypoxia and acidosis, and limit both drug delivery and immune cell infiltration [1, 2]. Anti-angiogenic therapy, primarily targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway, has achieved partial clinical success in solid tumors.

To the Editor We read with great interest the recent multicenter randomized trial by Cousart et al1 evaluating fiber-based near-infrared autofluorescence (NIRAF) for intraoperative parathyroid gland (PG) detection during endocrine neck surgery. The authors are to be commended for a rigorous and large-scale investigation of a real-time, label-free imaging modality with intuitive appeal.