Yingjian Song

Submitted: 09 January 2026 You are already at the latest version Contactless monitoring of vital signs such as Heart Rate (HR) and Respiratory Rate (RR) has gained significant attention, with vibration-based sensors like geophones showing promise for accurate, non-invasive monitoring. However, most existing systems are developed with healthy subjects and may not generalize well to extreme physiological ranges, such as those observed in infants or patients with arrhythmia.

1 Introduction Lung cancer remains the malignant tumor with the highest morbidity and mortality worldwide [1]. Low dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening has emerged as a promising approach to reduce lung cancer-related deaths among high-risk populations [2]. With the popularization of LDCT screening, more and more pulmonary nodules are being detected, including cases with bilateral pulmonary nodules [3].