Yingshun Zhou

1 Introduction Ribosome profiling (Ribo-seq), first proposed in 2009,[1] is a high-throughput technique based on deep sequencing for comprehensive genome-wide translation analyses.[2] Ribo-seq identifies and quantifies translation by detecting ribosome-protected fragments (RPFs) and provides insights into internal translational dynamics,[3] including codon usage bias,[4] translational pausing,[5] protein folding,[6] and small open reading frames (sORFs),[7] in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic...

Submitted: 19 February 2025 You are already at the latest version Since the end of 2020, the SARS-CoV-2 strain has undergone several mutations, and new variants continue to emerge. The immune escape ability of the mutants has enhanced, showing robust transmissibility. The neutralizing ability of the neutralizing antibodies produced during previous infections decreased in some mutants. This poses a severe challenge to the preventive and therapeutic effectiveness of vaccines and antibody drugs.