Yingying Qiao

Abstract Enteric viral infections remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in children and intensively raised livestock. Although live oral vaccines have reduced disease burden, vaccine efficacy varies greatly across regions. Factors such as host genetics, microbiota, maternal antibodies, and nutrition have been widely studied, whereas chronic exposure to dietary toxicants has received less attention.

1 Introduction Microphones[1, 2] are transducers that convert airborne sounds into electrical signals. Traditional electrical microphones, including dynamic, piezoelectric, and condenser types,[3-5] represent the state of the art in acoustic sensing technologies.

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