Yinyin Zhang

Abstract Background: Numerous studies have linked mitochondrial dysfunction to osteoporosis; however, the roles of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and oxidative stress in osteoporosis are unclear. This exploratory cross-sectional study examined the relationship between TFAM, oxidative stress markers, and osteoporosis. Methods: This study included 48 participants aged 50–75, including 12 non-osteoporosis patients and 36 osteoporosis patients.

1 Introduction As one of the three major diseases affecting human health, dental caries affects individuals across all age groups, with a prevalence ranging from 49% to 83%.[1-3] Early childhood caries (ECC) is an aggressive and rapidly advancing form of dental caries.

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