Yixing Yin

Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data Availability Statement The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

Many streams and springs are used for public supply or development of economic activities, including dams, rivers, lakes, and groundwater (Loucks & van Beek, 2017). However, watersheds can become unsuitable for supply for various reasons, including lack of sanitation infrastructure, erosion of rivers and streams, inadequate exploitation of water resources, unregulated industrial activities, and deposition of domestic and hospital sewage.

Rui Zou Key Laboratory of Hydrometeorological Disaster Mechanism and Warning, Ministry of Water Resources, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing, China Contribution: Conceptualization, ​Investigation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing, Methodology, Validation, Software, Data curation, Visualization Search for more...