Zaili Luo

Abstract Posterior fossa type A (PFA) ependymoma is an unusual infantile brain tumour with few known somatic mutations, thought to be driven by epigenetic mechanisms1. PFA ependymoma has a markedly higher incidence and worse prognosis in male children than in female children2. The mechanisms that underlie these sex differences are at present unknown. Here we show that the cellular hierarchy of PFA ependymoma is less differentiated in male individuals than it is in female individuals.

Retraction to: Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05487-2 Published online 30 November 2022 The Editors have retracted this article. After publication, concerns that there was insufficient evidence for the transitional cerebellar progenitor (TCP) population were brought to the attention of the Editors. The authors have provided a response1 to the issues.

1 Introduction The therapeutic strategy targeting the specific component in the immune ecosystem has achieved remarkable advances in recent years (1, 2). Considering the distinct immune microenvironment and the molecular and immunological characters of pediatric brain tumors, it should be more rigorous to apply the scientific findings of their adult counterparts in them (3–5).