Zainab Zuzer Lal

Abstract According to the World Health Organisation, oral health (OH) diseases are a major global health issue and outcomes are consistently poorer among refugees and migrants than host populations in many high-income countries (HICs). In the UK, the Office for Health Improvement and Disparities recognises asylum seekers, refugees, undocumented migrants, low-wage migrants, unaccompanied minors, and victims of trafficking as vulnerable migrants.

1 Introduction Migration to the United Kingdom has increased considerably in recent years. Latest figures published in 2022 show that an estimated 16% of the United Kingdom's population is comprised of non-UK-born residents, a 34% increase from 2011 [1]. Migration is an important determinant of health, which creates conditions and contexts that could lead to inequalities in health between migrant and host populations and even among different types of migrant groups [2].

MP reports grants from Sanofi, grants and personal fees from Gilead Sciences and personal fees from QIAGEN, outside the submitted work. https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/11/6/e046392 UK-REACH is supported by a grant from the MRC-UK Research and Innovation (MR/V027549/1) and the Department of Health and Social Care through the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) rapid response panel to tackle COVID-19. Core funding was also provided by NIHR Biomedical Research Centres.