zhiyi tang

1 INTRODUCTION In recent years, as the construction industry's focus shifted from expansion to managing existing assets, the operation and maintenance of engineering structures have gained increasing attention. Extreme events, such as earthquakes, typhoons, and ship collisions, can cause significant structural responses within a short time and potentially lead to structural damage, requiring accurate and timely detection (Sun et al., 2017).

1. Introduction In the event of a traffic accident, W-beam guardrails play a crucial role in effectively reducing vehicle speed, preventing vehicles from veering off the road or into oncoming lanes, thereby significantly reducing the occurrence of secondary accidents [1]. According to statistical data, by the end of 2019, the total length of highway guardrails in China exceeded 570,000 km, with W-beam guardrails being the most widely used [2].

Starch is the main component of quinoa seeds. However, quinoa starch has poor solubility in cold water and poor mechanical resistance and is easily aged, which limit its application. Therefore, modification of its structure to improve its functional properties is necessary. This research used acetic anhydride and sodium trimetaphosphate to modify the structure of starch molecules and investigated their influence on bread quality.