Zuhu Deng

Abstract Tripidium arundinaceum, a wild perennial grass with exceptional stress tolerance, has been tested in sugarcane breeding. Its complex polyploid genome has hindered understanding of its evolution and adaptive traits. Here, we present a high-quality, haplotype-resolved reference genome for autohexaploid T. arundinaceum Hainan92-105 (2n = 6x = 60). T.

Abstract Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is a vital sugar and bioenergy crop with an exceptionally complex polyploid genome (10–12 sets of chromosomes). This complexity resulted from nobilization—a historical breeding process involving interspecific hybridization and repeated backcrossing1. However, the extreme ploidy has long impeded efforts to elucidate the genetic basis of its considerable sucrose-storing capacity.

Fig. S1 Centromere locations in the 10 Saccharum officinarum pseudomolecules. Fig. S2 Chromosome painting and high-resolution oligo-based painting in Saccharum officinarum. Fig. S3 Putative genome assembly error associated with chromosome 3 revealed by high-resolution oligo-based painting. Fig. S4 Fluorescence in situ hybridization mapping of two centromeric repetitive DNA sequences, So103 and So137, on the metaphase chromosomes of Narenga porphyrocom and Erianthus rockii. Fig.