Why the Old Frameworks No Longer Fit the Exponential Age For nearly four decades, leaders relied on VUCA—Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, and Ambiguity—to describe and navigate disruptive environments. Developed by the United States Army War College in the late 1980s to describe the post-Cold War world, VUCA became the dominant framework for understanding turbulent business conditions. VUCA served its purpose well.