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Articles by Ankit Malik
Understanding Two-Phase Commit (2PC) by Building One in Go
Introduction Imagine sending 100 from Alice to Bob. If both accounts are in one database, this is easy: start a transaction, update both balances, and commit. But this example puts Alice in MySQL and Bob in PostgreSQL. One database cannot finish—or undo—the other database's work. That is the problem two-phase commit, usually called 2PC, tries to solve. This article follows a small Go program that performs the transfer and then crashes on purpose.
ClickHouse ReplacingMergeTree - Why Your Row Count Does Not Match
Why ClickHouse Silently Drops Your Rows I was running a batch test and noticed something strange. I inserted 3 rows and got back 2 when I ran SELECT count(). No error, no warning. ClickHouse just quietly dropped one. Turns out this is not a bug. It is the table engine doing exactly what it is designed to do. The Engine — ReplacingMergeTree When you create a table in ClickHouse, you pick an engine. The engine decides how data is stored and whether duplicates are kept or removed.
Scaling Amazon Kinesis and AWS Lambda
Introduction Amazon Kinesis Data Streams (provisioned mode) and AWS Lambda are commonly paired to build event-driven pipelines. Getting them to scale predictably requires understanding how capacity is allocated (shards), how Lambda consumes shards, and which operational signals reveal problems. This note corrects common terminology and gives concrete actions you can take when streams backlog or show increased latency. 1. Kinesis fundamentals Shards are the unit of scale.
A myeloid Tet2-IL-1β axis modulates intestinal inflammation by restricting catecholaminergic stimulation of enterochromaffin cell differentiation
Kubernetes Cheatsheet
Introduction I often forget these kubernetes or K8s commands. So I have created this sheet to quickly look any command. It might be helpful for you to quickly look for any command. You can bookmark this blog for quick search.
API Gateway vs Service Mesh
Introduction As organizations adopt microservices architectures to improve scalability, agility, and team autonomy, managing service communication becomes a central concern. Two popular infrastructure components that help tackle these challenges are API Gateways and Service Meshes. While both deal with communication and traffic management in distributed systems, they serve distinct roles and operate at different layers of the application stack.
Golang - How to do Benchmarking
Performance matters — especially when dealing with large-scale systems or performance-critical code. Go (Golang) provides first-class support for benchmarking via the testing package. This article walks you through the fundamentals of benchmarking in Go: what it is, why it's important, and how to run benchmarks to compare multiple functions. 🧠 What is Benchmarking? Benchmarking is the process of measuring how efficiently a piece of code executes.
What is redis pipeline
Introduction Redis is a fast, in-memory data store widely used for caching, message brokering, and real-time analytics. While Redis is incredibly efficient, network overhead can become a bottleneck when a large number of commands are sent sequentially. This is where Redis pipelining comes in. Redis pipelining allows a client to send multiple commands to the server without waiting for individual responses.
VsCode Debugger for Ruby on Rails
Steps to Add debugger Install rdbg extention here. Create launch.json file in vscode.
Redis cheatsheet
Introduction Redis is a powerful in-memory data structure store, commonly used as a database, cache, and message broker. This is a quick reference guide containing the most commonly used Redis commands. If you are like me who often forget about commands when not using redis actively then it would be helpful.
What is Pydantic in python
Introduction In Python, data validation and settings management are common challenges, especially when working with APIs, configuration files, or user inputs. While Python is a dynamically typed language, developers often need ways to ensure that data provided should be of expected types. This is where Pydantic comes into picture. Pydantic is a data validation and parsing library that uses Python type annotations to validate structured data.
Get a Public URL to Localhost Using ngrok
Introduction When developing applications locally, testing webhooks, or showcasing your project to someone remotely, exposing your local server to the internet becomes essential. While there are several tools to achieve this, including localtunnel, serveo, and pagekite. Today we will focus on one of the most popular and reliable options — ngrok. ngrok creates secure tunnels from the public internet to your localhost, enabling developers to share and test applications without deploying them.
Created my own timer with Wakeup Screen in React
Introduction I was trying to search my some free tool that can these 2 things. Run the Timer with Given minutes Keep Screen WakeUp when timer is This time helps me to stay focus and time-bound any task which I want perform. For ex - I want to write this article in 1 hour then it helps me to stay focused during that 1 hour and remaining time helps me to stay motivated. I wasn't able to find any such tool which free. There are many tools which have timer like Pomodoro etc.
Use LaunchDarkly(LD) with Golang
Introduction In modern software development, feature flagging has become a powerful technique for managing the release process, improving deployment safety, and enabling continuous delivery. LaunchDarkly is a popular feature management platform that helps teams control the visibility of features in production. This article will explore how to integrate LaunchDarkly with Golang (Go), enabling you to toggle features dynamically without redeploying your application. What is LaunchDarkly?
What is "TypedDict" in Python
Introduction In Python, dictionaries are one of the most flexible and widely used data structures. However, they lack explicit structure, which can lead to bugs and hard-to-read code, especially in larger codebases. To address this, Python's typing module introduced TypedDict in PEP 589. TypedDict allows you to define the expected structure of dictionary objects — including the type of each key-value pair — while still using the familiar dictionary syntax.
Golang - How to Use Dataloader
Introduction In this article, we will explore the concept of dataloader in Golang and how to use it effectively. Dataloader is a library that helps to improve the performance of your application by reducing the number of database queries and caching the results. What is Dataloader? Dataloader is a library that provides a way to batch and cache database queries. It was originally designed for GraphQL applications, but it can be used in any Golang application that requires database queries.
Create custom errors in Golang
Introduction Golang or Go has a robust error-handling mechanism that's integral to the language's design. While Go provides built-in error types, there are situations where you might need more control and context in your error handling. This is where creating custom errors comes into play. Custom errors can give you more informative error messages and can be used to categorize different types of errors in your application.
Python -How to define public, private and protected variables in a class
Introduction Python, as an object-oriented programming language, provides various ways to encapsulate data within a class. One of the key aspects of this encapsulation is the visibility of class variables, which can be categorized as public, protected, and private. In this article, we'll explore how to define public, private, and protected variables in a Python class. The behaviour of these variables is quiet different from other programming language.
NoSQL vs NewSQL vs Distributed SQL: A Comprehensive Comparison
Introduction Data management continues to evolve, various database technologies have emerged to address the growing demands of scalability, consistency, and performance. Among these technologies, NoSQL, NewSQL, and Distributed SQL stand out as key players. Each of these paradigms offers unique strengths, making them suitable for different types of applications.
Golang - Generate Fake Data With GoFakeIt
Introduction In software development, testing is crucial to ensure that code works as expected. However, obtaining real data for testing purposes can be challenging due to privacy concerns, data availability, and the sheer effort required to gather and sanitize it. This is where generating fake data becomes invaluable. In the Go programming language, one of the most popular libraries for generating fake data is GoFakeIt. What is GoFakeIt?
Python - Generate Fake Data With Faker
Introduction Creating realistic fake data is a crucial task for testing, prototyping, and developing data-driven applications. The Faker library in Python is a powerful tool that allows you to generate a wide range of fake data easily and efficiently. This article will walk you through the basics of using Faker to generate different types of fake data. What is Faker Faker is a Python package that generates fake data for various purposes.
Debouncing in JavaScript
Debouncing is a technique used to optimize performance and avoid unnecessary processing by delaying the execution of a function until after a specified period of inactivity. It's particularly useful in scenarios where a function could be triggered multiple times in quick succession, such as handling user input in a search box. Let's break down the concept of debouncing and see how it can be implemented in a React application with a custom hook. Imagine you're typing a search term in a search box.
How to use razorpay api and integrate payment gateway
Introduction Razorpay is a leading payment processor in India that provides end-to-end solutions for businesses and individuals. Razorpay offers a comprehensive suite of payment solutions, from payment gateway services to processing transactions and settling funds. Some of them we will be discussing here in this article. We will be using python code here but it can be replicated in other language easily because we are not using any SDK here. If you need SDK examples then let me know in the comment.
How to use Phonepe api in Python and Integrate phonepe gateway
Introduction PhonePe is a popular digital payments platform in India, offering a range of payment solutions for both individuals and businesses. If you're looking to integrate PhonePe payments into your application or website, this guide will walk you through the process of using the PhonePe API and integrating the PhonePe gateway. You can check the complete code here. You can view the phonepe api docs here.
GCP - Create api with Cloud Functions and API Gateway
In this article, we will explore how to create an API using Google Cloud Platform (GCP) Cloud Functions and API Gateway. Cloud Functions allow you to build serverless applications that can scale automatically based on demand. API Gateway is a service that acts as a central point of entry for your API requests, allowing you to handle tasks such as routing, authentication, rate limiting, and more.
Epithelial IFNγ signalling and compartmentalized antigen presentation orchestrate gut immunity - Nature
Abstract All nucleated cells express major histocompatibility complex I and interferon‐γ (IFNγ) receptor1, but an epithelial cell-specific function of IFNγ signalling or antigen presentation by means of major histocompatibility complex I has not been explored. We show here that on sensing IFNγ, colonic epithelial cells productively present pathogen and self-derived antigens to cognate intra-epithelial T cells, which are critically located at the epithelial barrier.
5 Best Short-Term Technical Indicators for Stocks
Hello, future Wall Street whiz! Buckle up because we're about to take an exhilarating ride into the world of short-term technical indicators. These tools help you determine when to buy and sell stocks, and let's be honest, they can transform your trading experience from "pretty good" to "out-of-this-world fantastic!" So, let's dive in and start cracking the code of the stock market! Relative Strength Index (RSI) RSI is our first stop, and it's akin to your compass in the financial jungle.
Machine Learning from Scratch: Decision Trees
Image from Pexel Decision trees are one of the simplest non-linear supervised algorithms in the machine learning world. As the name suggests they are used for making decisions in ML terms we call it classification (although they can be used for regression as well). The decision trees have a unidirectional tree structure i.e. at every node the algorithm makes a decision to split into child nodes based on certain stopping criteria. Most commonly DTs use entropy, information gain, Gini index, etc.
Ankit Malik - KDnuggets
Ankit Malik Ankit Malik is building scalable AI/ML solutions across multiple domains like Marketing, Supply Chain, Retail, Advertising, and Process Automation. He has worked on both ends of the spectrum from leading data science projects in Fortune 500 companies to being the founding member of a data science incubator in multiple start-ups. He has pioneered various innovative products and services and is a believer in servant leadership.
Innate riddle of CD4+ T cells and the control of enteric infections
It was known that a large number of T cells accumulate in the gut epithelium, but it remained unclear whether they play a role against enteric virus infections. Using fate-mapping models, Parsa et al. report that distinct enteric viruses induce the recruitment of CD4+ T cells to the gut epithelium and that these cells control viral replication via IFN-γ secretion.
This is why ML PoCs don’t graduate to production
Photo by Ivana Cajina on Unsplash Data Science is the sexiest job of the 21st century, but it definitely takes a lot more than a fancy job title to take an ML project to production. With ever-advanced algorithms and the availability of powerful infrastructure to run AI pipelines, many companies are trying to build AI-driven solutions on a whim. But there are more pieces to the puzzle.
RIPK3 Promotes Mefv Expression and Pyrin Inflammasome Activation via Modulation of mTOR Signaling
Deepika Sharma, Ankit Malik, Arjun Balakrishnan, R. K. Subbarao Malireddi and Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti J Immunol November 15, 2020, 205 (10) 2778-2785; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.2000244 Key Points RIPK3 promotes pyrin inflammasome activation independent of its role in necroptosis. RIPK3 modulates the mTOR pathway to regulate pyrin inflammasome activation. Inhibition of mTOR promotes Mefv expression and pyrin inflammasome activation.
RIPK3 Promotes Mefv Expression and Pyrin Inflammasome Activation via Modulation of mTOR Signaling
Deepika Sharma, Ankit Malik, Arjun Balakrishnan, R. K. Subbarao Malireddi and Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti J Immunol September 28, 2020, ji2000244; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.2000244 Key Points RIPK3 promotes pyrin inflammasome activation independent of its role in necroptosis. RIPK3 modulates the mTOR pathway to regulate pyrin inflammasome activation. Inhibition of mTOR promotes Mefv expression and pyrin inflammasome activation.
ICC World Cup 2019: Is toss weighing too heavy on semi-finalists? - Times of India
WORLD CUP SCHEDULE | POINTS TABLE MANCHESTER: Cricket's World Cup semi-finals might be loaded with star power, but the battle for places in the final could turn on a crucial toss of a coin before the action has even started. There were just a handful of successful run chases in the World Cup group stage, a trend that suggested winning the toss and batting first will be potentially decisive in the semi-finals.
In numbers: How healthy is corporate India’s cash flow position?
On 5 February, global rating agency Moody’s Investors Service cut Bharti Airtel’s rating to junk grade. It cited...
Surprise entrants, familiar names among India’s biggest corporate donors
What’s common to Mukesh Ambani, Anand Mahindra, Sunil Bharti Mittal, Gautam Adani and KP Singh, apart from the fact that...
How bonus shares, buybacks and dividends by PSUs are propping up govt’s coffers
From 2009-10 to 2013-14, when the Manmohan Singh-led United Progressive Alliance (UPA) was in the saddle, only one state-run company...
TNF/TNFR axis promotes pyrin inflammasome activation and distinctly modulates pyrin inflammasomopathy
TNF promotes pyrin expression and inflammasome activation. To investigate the role of TNF signaling in pyrin inflammasome activation, we stimulated WT, Tnf–/–, and Tnfr1–/– Tnfr2–/– BM-derived macrophages (BMDMs) with Clostridium difficile toxin B, a canonical pyrin-activating stimulus (7).
SYK-CARD9 Signaling Axis Promotes Gut Fungi-Mediated Inflammasome Activation to Restrict Colitis and Colon Cancer
Fungi represent a significant proportion of the gut microbiota. Aberrant immune responses to fungi are frequently observed in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC), and mutations in the fungal-sensing pathways are associated with the pathogenesis of IBD. Fungal recognition receptors trigger downstream signaling via the common adaptor protein CARD9 and the kinase SYK. Here we found that commensal gut fungi promoted inflammasome activation during AOM-DSS-induced colitis.
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