Anna Flury

1Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, The City University of New York (CUNY) Graduate Center, New York, NY 10031, USA 2Graduate Program in Biology, CUNY Graduate Center, New York, NY 10016, USA 3Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C4, Canada 4Graduate Program in Biochemistry, CUNY Graduate Center, New York, NY 10016, USA 5Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Michigan Medicine, Ann...

Abstract Microglia, the brain′s primary resident immune cells, are a heterogeneous population and can assume phenotypes with diverse functional outcomes on brain homeostasis. In Alzheimer′s disease (AD), where microglia are a leading causal cell type, microglia subsets with protective functions have been well characterized. Yet, the identity of microglia subsets that drive neurodegeneration remains unresolved.

2.2 Rare and concerning amino acid changes are common in cryptic lineages and are sometimes shared with Omicron In November 2021, the Omicron VOC was first detected in South Africa. This VOC contained eleven changes in the Spike protein between amino acids 410–510. Of these eleven amino acid changes, four (K417T, S477N, T478K, and N501Y) were present in previous VOCs. The remaining seven amino acid changes were rare prior to the Omicron VOC.