Methods The Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) is a longitudinal cohort study of 5888 adults aged 65 years and older designed to understand risk factors associated with development of cardiovascular disease and stroke in older adults.29 Starting in 1989, 5201 participants were recruited from 4 US communities (Sacramento, CA; Hagerstown, MD; Winston-Salem, NC; and Pittsburgh, PA) using a random sample of Medicare eligibility lists.