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Articles by Antony Lee
Chemistry Beyond the Molecule (Supramolecular Chemistry)
Introduction How many times have you performed a reaction and ignored the solvent? Or failed to consider the potential interactions between each reagent, or between the solvent and reagents? As chemists, we are often guilty of focusing on the molecules undergoing the reaction and treating everything else as background. Although this approach is intuitive, molecular behaviour is also influenced by interactions with surrounding molecules.
The world of inorganic NMR
Introduction “It’s an organic chemist’s world, and we are just living in it” is my take on a popular idiom which has never felt more relevant than in the context of NMR spectroscopy. Since our first introductions to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), we are often led to believe that the technique is only applicable to proton (¹H) and carbon (¹³C) nuclei. However, NMR is far more elementally diverse and is applicable to any nucleus with a spin quantum number (I) greater than 0.
Chemistry beyond carbon: the heteroelements
Last updated: 04/05/26, 17:41 Published: 07/05/26, 07:00 Heteroelements, defined as elements other than C or H, frequently include the p-block elements. Introduction Organic chemistry is often teased as ‘elementally boring’, a joke among inorganic chemists, because of its reliance on C, H, O and N. While organic chemistry is broadly defined as the study of carbon containing compounds, this overlooks the role of heteroelements in synthetic chemistry.
Molecular blueprints: the synthesis of ibuprofen
This is the second and last article in a two-part series on retrosynthesis. First article: Molecular Blueprints: The Art of Synthetic Planning. Introduction In the second article in this series on synthetic planning, the retrosynthetic techniques discussed previously are applied to the synthesis of ibuprofen. Developed by the Boots company in the 1950s and 1960s as an analogue of aspirin, ibuprofen had been taken by more than 100 million people in over 120 countries by 1985.
Looking at the rare earth elements
Last updated: 23/02/26, 21:36 Published: 26/02/26, 08:00 The advent of recent technology has driven a surge in the use of the REEs Introduction President Trump said in reference to a proposed minerals deal with Ukraine: We're telling Ukraine they have very valuable rare earths. Over the past few decades, the technological revolution has expanded the applications of the rare earth elements (REEs) from modern electronics to renewable energy sources.
Molecular blueprints: the art of synthetic planning
This is article no. 1 in a two-part series on retrosynthesis. Next article: Synthesis of ibuprofen (coming soon). Introduction Science is often seen as rigid, driven solely by facts and logic. Yet, in the world of chemical synthesis, molecular design and retrosynthetic analysis can be considered an art form. Synthetic creativity can be measured by the number of steps, environmental considerations, or the clever assembly of chemical building blocks.
Diels–Alder Reaction | Scientia News
Introduction How does a chemical reaction proceed? This is one of the most important questions in chemistry and still drives research today. Traditionally, reactions have been classed as either ionic or radical processes. But there is a third class: a pericyclic reaction. The pericyclics, named because of their concerted curly arrow mechanisms, are a class of reaction governed by orbital symmetry.
Not all chemists wear white coats: computational organic chemistry | Scientia News
Introduction 'Not all chemists wear white coats,' aptly describes the newest pillar of chemical research. Coined by the Royal Society of Chemistry, computational modelling has become an essential tool across all areas of traditional chemistry. As artifical intelligence (AI) and machine learning become increasingly prevalent in research, the future of chemistry may unfold computationally before ever touching a test tube.
The importance of symmetry in chemistry
Introduction Symmetry is everywhere- in snowflakes, flowers and even art. Chemistry is no different and the symmetrical properties of a molecule often dictate its behaviour. From interpreting spectra, to predicting reaction pathways and understanding bonding, symmetry shapes all chemical disciplines. 1. Symmetry in spectroscopy Firstly, understanding the symmetry of molecules is essential in a range of characterisation techniques.
Experiencing the divine? Museum presentations of religion in Roman Britain
Ayuda Buscar en la ayuda Buscar en la ayuda Experiencing the divine? Museum presentations of religion in Roman Britain Autores: Antony Lee Localización: Antiquity, ISSN 0003-598X, Vol. 98, Nº 401, 2024, págs. 1321-1339 Idioma: inglés Texto completo no disponible (Saber más ...) Resumen Religious practice in the Roman world involved diverse rituals and knowledge.
Experiencing the divine? Museum presentations of religion in Roman Britain
Introduction Among the many objects on display in the Frontier Gallery at Tullie House Museum in Carlisle, UK, is a second-century AD Romano-British copper-alloy jug (Figure 1). Its handle bears four vignettes, images that did not simply depict religious acts but which established precedents for their correct performance. The images on the upper part of the handle have become worn by the repeated handling of the cold metal, its materiality altered by the very acts depicted on it.
Identification of early-stage liver fibrosis by modifications in the interstitial space diffusive microenvironment using fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotubes
Abstract During liver fibrosis, recurrent hepatic injuries lead to accumulation of collagen and other extracellular matrix components in the interstitial space, ultimately disrupting liver functions. Early stages of liver fibrosis may be reversible, but opportunities for diagnosis at these stages are currently limited.
Nawawi Pomolango: Conflicts of Interest Must Be Truly Regulated
› English›Nawawi Pomolango: Conflicts of... Before other people can see a conflict of interest, it should already be within us. This article has been translated using AI. See Original . About AI Translated Article Please note that this article was automatically translated using Microsoft Azure AI, Open AI, and Google Translation AI. We cannot ensure that the entire content is translated accurately.
Nawawi Pomolango: Konflik Kepentingan Harus Betul-betul Diatur
Kalau dilihat dari delapan hambatan yang disampaikan, apa yang paling "urgent" yang harus diselesaikan ketika capres-cawapres dilantik tanggal 20 Oktober 2024? Ada pemahaman kita bersama bahwa Presiden itu sebenarnya panglima pemberantasan korupsi. Arah pemberantasan korupsi akan banyak tergantung dari nantinya siapa yang akan menjadi presiden dari ketiga pasangan itu. Hampir semua yang kami sampaikan itu memang problem yang cukup mendasar dalam kaitan dengan upaya pemberantasan korupsi.
Anies-Muhaimin National Team Captain, M Syaugi: Optimistic Seeing The Public's Enthusiasm Is Very Large
The following is an excerpt from Kompas's interview with the Captain of the Anies-Muhaimin National Winning Team, Muhammad Syaugi, at Rumah Change, Jakarta, Friday (19/1/2024). How is the evaluation of the campaign so far? First, we need to know that the main line or main goal of the Anies-Muhaimin couple's tagline is change. Change that means equity and equality. We convey this through ideas, vision and mission, as well as concrete programs to the community.
Kapten Timnas Anies-Muhaimin, M Syaugi: Optimistis Melihat Antusiasme Masyarakat Sangat Besar
Bagaimana evaluasi terhadap kampanye sejauh ini? Pertama, kita perlu tahu bahwa garis utama atau tujuan utama dari pasangan Anies-Muhaimin tagline-nya adalah perubahan. Perubahan yang berarti pemerataan dan kesetaraan. Hal itu kami sampaikan melalui gagasan, visi, dan misi, serta program yang konkret kepada masyarakat. Kami sampaikan gagasan-gagasan itu dalam kampanye, termasuk melalui program Desak Anies atau Slepet Imin.
Looking at the Sitting on the Voting Rights of People with Mental Disorders in Elections
› English›Looking at the Sitting on the ... Elections are a concrete democratic procedure in which the state views its citizens as equals. This article has been translated using AI. See Original . About AI Translated Article Please note that this article was automatically translated using Microsoft Azure AI, Open AI, and Google Translation AI. We cannot ensure that the entire content is translated accurately.
Melihat Duduk Soal Hak Pilih Orang dengan Gangguan Jiwa di Pemilu
Selain itu, ada pula hasil debunking disinformasi pada April 2019 terkait foto perekaman kartu tanda penduduk (KTP) elektronik yang diberi tajuk ”pembuatan KTP orang gila demi ambisi kekuasaan”. Konten itu memang merupakan perekaman KTP elektonik bagi warga termasuk warga dengan disabilitas kejiwaan atau ODGJ (orang dengan gangguan jiwa). Sebab, Mahkamah Konstitusi sudah membuat putusan yang melindungi hak konstitusional warga ODGJ.
During the debate, it is believed that Muhaimin, Gibran and Mahfud will present solutions to problems
› English›During the debate, it is... In the debate on January 21, it is believed that the vice presidential candidates will raise solutions to various real problems in society. This article has been translated using AI. See Original . By KURNIA YUNITA RAHAYU, IQBAL BASYARI, NIKOLAUS HARBOWO, ANTONY LEE, ANTONIUS PONCO ANGGORO The following article was translated using both Microsoft Azure Open AI and Google Translation AI.
Saat Debat, Muhaimin, Gibran, dan Mahfud Diyakini Akan Sampaikan Solusi Masalah
Secara teknis, pengaturan tidak akan berbeda dibandingkan dengan debat-debat sebelumnya. Soal materi debat, Ketua Komisi Pemilihan Umum Hasyim Asy’ari, Jumat (19/1/2024), menegaskan, KPU hanya menyediakan forum untuk debat. Strategi dan substansi debat sepenuhnya merupakan hak dan wewenang calon dan tim pasangan calon.
Cawapres Menjawab Antusiasme Publik
Dalam debat kali ini cawapres Gibran Rakabuming Raka tampil pertama. Gibran mengatakan, sebagai negara yang besar, Indonesia harus keluar dari jebakan negara berpendapatan menengah. Untuk itu, kata Gibran, kuncinya Indonesia harus menaikkan nilai tambah di dalam negeri. Rata-rata pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia tetap resilien di rata-rata 5 persen.
Roman Archaeology
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KPK Reveals Allegations of Corruption in Procurement of Basarnas Equipment
› English›KPK Reveals Allegations of... The arrests by the KPK team which took place in Jakarta and Bekasi on Tuesday were allegedly related to allegations of transferring money in connection with corruption in the procurement of goods and services at Basarnas. The following article was translated using both Microsoft Azure Open AI and Google Translation AI.
Andika Perkasa: Commitment to Support the Government for Advanced Indonesia
› English›Andika Perkasa: Commitment to ... Andika Perkasa still harbors his dream of making Indonesia a developed country. Then, what are Andika's ideas for realizing progress in Indonesia? By EDNA CAROLINE PATTISINA, MADINA NUSRAT, ANTONY LEE The following article was translated using both Microsoft Azure Open AI and Google Translation AI. More than 35 years Andika Perkasa served as an officer in the Indonesian National Armed Forces or TNI.
Responding to the Challenges Towards Justice and Prosperity
› English›Responding to the Challenges... Ridwan Kamil said that not all political destiny is mathematical. The proof is that Ma'ruf Amin was never on the survey radar, now he is the vice president. He only emphasized that the experience of regional heads is still important as a capital for national leaders. By IQBAL BASYARI, ANTONY LEE The following article was translated using both Microsoft Azure Open AI and Google Translation AI.
Airlangga: Courage to Lead at Crossroads
› English›Airlangga: Courage to Lead at ... The general chairman of the Golkar Party, Airlangga Hartarto, sees that in 2024, Indonesia will still be at a crossroads. Then, what is Airlangga's idea to bring Indonesia out of the crossroads and become a developed country? By KURNIA YUNITA RAHAYU, SUTTA DHARMASAPUTRA, ANTONY LEE The following article was translated using both Microsoft Azure Open AI and Google Translation AI.
Lain Partai Politik, Lain Pula Strategi Twitnya
Ruang kontestasi bagi parpol menuju Pemilu 2024 sudah begitu beragam. Setidaknya sudah dua pemilu terakhir, media sosial, salah satunya Twitter, menjadi ruang ‚ÄĚpertarungan‚ÄĚ partai politik untuk menyentuh calon pemilih. Saat ini, seluruh dari 18 partai politik peserta Pemilu 2024 memiliki akun Twitter. Ada sejumlah parpol yang terbilang cukup awal membuat akun Twitter. Misalnya, Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (PKS) yang membuat akun @PKSejahtera sejak Maret 2009.
Survei ”Kompas”: Megawati dan Prabowo Sosok Ketua Umum Parpol Terpopuler
Hasil Survei Kepemimpinan Nasional (SKN) Litbang Kompas pada Januari 2023 menunjukkan, Ketua Umum PDI-P Megawati Soekarnoputri memiliki popularitas 94,9 persen. Sementara itu, terpaut tipis, di posisi kedua ada sosok Ketua Umum Partai Gerindra Prabowo Subianto dengan tingkat popularitas 94,5 persen. Dari sisi tingkat popularitas, kedua tokoh ini jauh meninggalkan ketua umum 16 partai politik lainnya.
Preventing Temptation of Predatory Journals
‚Äļ English‚ÄļPreventing Temptation of... In addition to utilizing joki (broker) practices through ghostwriting services, some academics sometimes use predatory journals as a shortcut to get their research papers published to earn the academic credits, Spam from the managers of predatory journals always floods email. In a week, there are three to four emails of this kind that go into the Spam folder.
Managing Disputes in a Time of Change
Andrii Yalanskyi / Shutterstock.com Major changes are taking place in the way disputes are managed. All this is taking place against the background of business disruption and the need for businesses to be nimble to seize business opportunities quickly.
Pandemi Covid-19 yang Menguji Ketahanan dan Relevansi Demokrasi
Politik & Hukum›Pemilu›Pandemi Covid-19 yang Menguji Ketahanan dan Relevansi Demokrasi Partisipasi pemilih yang tinggi dalam kontestasi elektoral menunjukkan aspek “dari rakyat” dalam demokrasi relatif terpenuhi.
Synucleinopathy alters nanoscale organization and diffusion in the brain extracellular space through hyaluronan remodeling
Abstract In recent years, exploration of the brain extracellular space (ECS) has made remarkable progress, including nanoscopic characterizations. However, whether ECS precise conformation is altered during brain pathology remains unknown. Here we study the nanoscale organization of pathological ECS in adult mice under degenerative conditions.
Making a good impression: what was this South Ferriby name-stamp used for?
The collections of the Hull and East Riding Museum contain an unusual copper alloy stamp from South Ferriby in North Lincolnshire. The existence of the stamp is not widely known and as far as I can tell it has never been published, but it is an unusual and intriguing object to be found in a Romano-British context. Stamp from South Ferriby. KINCM : 2005.1221.163.
Co-temporal Force and Fluorescence Measurements Reveal a Ribosomal Gear Shift Mechanism of Translation Regulation by Structured mRNAs
Highlights • The mRNA hairpin is opened after EF-G binding and before 30S head reverse rotation • EF-G-catalyzed translocation is not affected by mRNA secondary structure stability • Ribosomes operate in two alternative (fast and slow) gears during translation • Increased hairpin stability increases the flux through the slow gear Summary The movement of ribosomes on mRNA is often interrupted by secondary structures that present mechanical barriers and play a central role in translation...
Rider gods of Roman Lincolnshire
Advertisements Some of the most fascinating deities in Roman Britain are those for which we have no name, but whose cults seem to have been widespread and significant. The images we have of male figures on horseback, known as ‘rider gods’, seem to represent one such cult. The Roman invasion saw many classical deities enter Britain, but worship of native deities (sometimes on their own, sometimes syncretised* with Roman gods) continued unabated, particularly in rural areas.
Collective Movements Have Changed Patterns – Kompas.Id
JAKARTA, KOMPAS – Students’ movements have changed patterns, from previously focusing on collective actions in response to sociopolitical issues to activities based on individual subjectivism. Consequently, there is a rising concern that students will have a harder time of initiating movements to act upon national strategic issues. The pervasiveness of social media penetration in […]
Forging a head: a newly discovered fragment of a statuette of Vulcan
An interesting copper alloy head of Vulcan, god of smithing and metalwork, has recently been discovered in Lincolnshire and recorded with the Portable Antiquities Scheme. Probably originally from a statuette, the detached head was discovered at Scamblesby on the western edge of the Lincolnshire Wolds. Vulcan is a particularly interesting deity in a Romano-British context, as he is not commonly found, certainly not when compared to deities such as Mercury, Mars or Minerva.
Worshipping Mercury and Apollo: lost evidence for religious guilds in Roman Lincoln
The accurate recording of both the provenance and detail of archaeological finds is as important today as it has always been. The two inscriptions I want to discuss here are perfect examples of that as both are now lost, and known to us only because details about them were recorded for posterity. The two inscriptions, discovered in 1785 and 1845, both suggest the existence of religious guilds at Lincoln, dedicated to the worship of the gods Mercury and Apollo.
Statue legs and coin hoards: Some antiquarian finds from Caythorpe
In 1855, ploughing at a field east of the village of Caythorpe uncovered an interesting assemblage of finds, including a coin hoard and fragments of a life-sized stone statue. They were examined by the antiquarian Edward Trollope who published a short article on them in 1857, though a letter to the Stamford Mercury of 21st September 1855 by a ‘T C’ of Caythorpe provides our earliest description of them.
Full molecular trajectories of RNA polymerase at single base-pair resolution
SignificanceOptical tweezers enable scientists to follow the dynamics of molecular motors at high resolution. The ability to discern a motor’s discrete steps reveals important insights on its operation. Some motors operate at the scale of angstroms, rendering the observation of their steps extremely challenging. In some cases, such small steps have been observed sporadically; however, the full molecular trajectories of steps and intervals between steps remain elusive due to instrumental noise.
Souvenirs from Hadrian’s Wall? Two enamelled copper alloy vessels from North Lincolnshire
Tourism in the ancient world is a fascinating subject, and we should not assume that either the desire or the ability to travel and see the great sites of the world are modern phenomena. Just as today, tourism was accompanied by the acquisition of souvenirs and mementos and it is two potential souvenirs from Hadrian’s Wall that I want to discuss here.
Identification of a minimal peptide tag for in vivo and in vitro loading of encapsulin
The encapsulation of enzymes and other proteins within a proteinaceous shell has been observed in many bacteria and archaea, but the function and utility of many such compartments is enigmatic. Efforts to study these functions have been stymied by the size and complexity of traditional protein compartments.
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