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Articles by Applied Sciences
Chemiker erfinden vitaminbetriebene Batterie
Oft werden Metallionen in den Flüssigkeiten genutzt, um die Elektronen zu übertragen, diese haben jedoch mehrere Nachteile: Zum einen sind sie teuer, zum anderen neigen sie zur Korrosion. Organische Flussbatterien dagegen nutzten bislang organische Komponenten zur Elektronenübertragung: Das Forscherteam der SEAS erfand bereits 2014 eine Batterie, die mit einer Rhabarber-Komponente funktionierte.
Researchers say trees could help strengthen auto parts
CLEMSON — Trees that are removed during forest restoration projects could find their way into car bumpers and fenders as part of a study led by Srikanth Pilla of Clemson University. Pilla is collaborating on the study with researchers from the USDA Forest Service’s Forest Products Laboratory in Madison, Wisconsin. They are converting some of those trees into liquid suspensions of tiny rod-like structures with diameters 20,000 times smaller than the width of a human hair.
A Battery Inspired by Vitamins
Harvard researchers have identified a whole new class of high-performing organic molecules, inspired by vitamin B2, that can safely store electricity from intermittent energy sources like solar and wind power in large batteries. The development builds on previous work in which the team developed a high-capacity flow battery that stored energy in organic molecules called quinones and a food additive called ferrocyanide.
Clemson University News and Stories, South Carolina
Mr. Bauman was hired as a developer at Jackson Marketing, Motorsports, and Events. Ms. Koch has been promoted to the position of manager of educational outreach at the American Wood Council. Mr. Eskridge has accepted a new position as the water and wastewater manager of the City of Athens, GA. Dr. Hubbard has co-authored a book on soil physics entitled Applied Soil Phyiscal Properties, Drainage, and Irrigation Strategies. Lt. Col. Stuckey celebrated his 100th birthday with his local Clemson Club.
Amod Ogale of Clemson University named Composites Educator of the Year
Anyone who would like to know why Amod Ogale of Clemson University is the 2016 Composites Educator of the Year would do well to read some of the comments that graduating seniors have left on their evaluations. One called him “very passionate and effective,” while another wrote that Ogale “knows his stuff!” “Overall the best professor,” a student wrote. “Tests were extremely fair.
Tata Trusts’ support of automotive engineering fellowships widens bridge between S.C. and India
CLEMSON — South Carolina is broadening its connection to the world’s second most populous nation with the help of Ratan Tata, who has been called the father of modern industry in India and is funding fellowships that will pay for five Indian students to work toward automotive engineering degrees at Clemson University.
Vitamin B2 Inspiration for New Class of Batteries
Harvard researchers have identified a whole new class of high-performing organic molecules, inspired by vitamin B2, that can safely store electricity from intermittent energy sources like solar and wind power in large batteries. The development builds on previous work in which the team developed a high-capacity flow battery that stored energy in organic molecules called quinones and a food additive called ferrocyanide.
The effects of poly(zwitterions)s versus poly(ethylene glycol) surface coatings on the biodistribution of protein nanoparticles
Zwitterionic poly(carboxybetaine) (PCB), poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC) and non-ionic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), which have similar degrees of polymerization, were grafted to branched polyethyleneimine (PEI) to generate PCB-grafted PEI (PEI-PCB), PMPC-grafted PEI (PEI-PMPC) and PEG-grafted PEI (PEI-PEG) copolymers, respectively.
Freshmen ‘FIRE’ up their Clemson University journey
When class ended, John McAdams packed his computer into a backpack and joined a group of students who were filing of Freeman Hall and heading to Palmetto Ballroom for lunch. McAdams and the other incoming freshman in his class had begun their Clemson University education more than a month before the official start of the fall semester.
Engineers demonstrate first room-temperature semiconductor source of coherent Terahertz radiation
Cambridge, Mass. -- May 19, 2008 -- Engineers and applied physicists from Harvard University have demonstrated the first room-temperature electrically-pumped semiconductor source of coherent Terahertz (THz) radiation, also known as T-rays. The breakthrough in laser technology, based upon commercially available nanotechnology, has the potential to become a standard Terahertz source to support applications ranging from security screening to chemical sensing.
Phototactic guidance of a tissue-engineered soft-robotic ray
A bio-inspired swimming robot that mimics a ray fish can be guided by light. Park et al. built a 1/10th-scale version of a ray fish with a microfabricated gold skeleton and a rubber body powered by rat heart muscle cells. The cardiomyocytes were genetically engineered to respond to light cues, so that the undulatory movements propelling the robot through water would follow a light source.
Information Integration and Energy Expenditure in Gene Regulation
FiguresFigure 1Sharpness in Development and Cooperativity Mechanisms(A) Top: Drosophila embryo stained for Hb expression. Bottom: plot adapted from Figure 4A of Gregor et al. (2007) showing mean SE of Hb and Bcd from several embryos (blue) and a fit to the Hill function (red).(B) Examples of indirect, long-distance cooperativity, adapted from Figure 1 of Spitz and Furlong (2012) .(C) Top: pairwise cooperativity between two sites.
Modeling the effects of climate engineering
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Ultrathin, Flat Lens Resolves Chirality and Color
Imaging with the multispectral chiral lens forms two images of the beetle, Chrysina gloriosa, on the color camera. The left image was formed by focusing left-circularly polarized light reflected from the beetle and the right image was formed from right-circularly polarized light.
Characterisation of CDKL5 Transcript Isoforms in Human and Mouse
Citation: Hector RD, Dando O, Landsberger N, Kilstrup-Nielsen C, Kind PC, Bailey MES, et al. (2016) Characterisation of CDKL5 Transcript Isoforms in Human and Mouse. PLoS ONE 11(6): e0157758. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0157758 Copyright: © 2016 Hector et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
This could be a new tool to fight global warming
The last time the atmosphere held as much carbon dioxide as it does today was about three million years ago – a time when sea levels were 10-30 meters higher than they are now. Climate models have long struggled to duplicate those large fluctuations in sea levels – until now. Indeed, for the first time, a high-quality model of Antarctic ice and climate has been able to simulate these large swings. That is smart science, but it brings devastating news.
Microenvironmental Control of Adipocyte Fate and Function
The properties of tissue-specific microenvironments vary widely in the human body and demonstrably influence the structure and function of many cell types. Adipocytes are no exception, responding to cues in specialized niches to perform vital metabolic and endocrine functions.
Meta-lens works in the visible spectrum, sees smaller than a wavelength of light
Curved lenses, like those in cameras or telescopes, are stacked in order to reduce distortions and resolve a clear image. That's why high-power microscopes are so big and telephoto lenses so long. While lens technology has come a long way, it is still difficult to make a compact and thin lens (rub a finger over the back of a cellphone and you'll get a sense of how difficult). But what if you could replace those stacks with a single flat -- or planar -- lens? Researchers from the Harvard John A.
Cloud-based Electronic Health Records for Real-time, Region-specific Influenza Surveillance
In this study we have shown that EHR data in combination with historical patterns of flu activity and a robust dynamical machine learning algorithm, are capable of accurately predicting real-time influenza activity at the national and regional scales in the US.
CAAS Commencement 2016
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Unhealthy ozone days could increase by more than a week in coming decades
WASHINGTON, DC -- If emission rates continue unchecked, regions of the United States could experience between three and nine additional days per year of unhealthy ozone levels by 2050, according to a new study. "In the coming decades, global climate change will likely cause more heat waves during the summer, which in turn could cause a 70 to 100 percent increase in ozone episodes, depending on the region," said Lu Shen, a graduate student at the Harvard John A.
Reverse Engineering Human Pathophysiology with Organs-on-Chips
FiguresFigure 1Tissue-Tissue Interactions Amenable to Study in a Human Organ-on-a-ChipThis schematic illustration of a cross-section of the human small intestine-on-a-chip with a higher magnification inset shows two parallel channels of a microfluidic device composed of a flexible optically clear polymer separated by a porous ECM-coated membrane composed of the same material, which has hollow chambers on either side through which cyclic suction is applied to repeatedly stretch and release of...
Does family-centred neonatal discharge planning reduce healthcare usage? A before and after study in South West England
The improvements in survival of preterm infants over the past 20 years mean that more than 90% of infants born at 27 weeks’ or more gestation will survive to go home.1 For most infants, a relatively short period in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) will be followed by a longer period in high dependency and then special care before discharge home.2 Parents of preterm infants need to learn how to care for them after discharge home, and to prepare themselves and their home environment.
Reverse Engineering Human Pathophysiology with Organs-on-Chips
Studies using a human lung-on-a-chip that reconstitutes the alveolar-capillary interface demonstrates that the addition of either TNF-α, simulants of airborne pollutants (12 nm silica nanoparticles), or living bacteria to the epithelial space not only induces expression of ICAM-1 in the underlying endothelium, it also results in enhanced recruitment of circulating human neutrophils when they are perfused through the vascular channel (Huh et al., 2010xHuh, D., Matthews, B.D., Mammoto, A.,...
Bioprinting Technique Makes 3D Tissues Composed of Stem Cells with Embedded Vasculature
Lewis’ novel 3D bioprinting method uses a customizable, printed silicone mold to house and plumb the printed tissue structure. Inside this mold, a grid of vascular channeling is printed first, over which ink containing living stem cells is then printed. The inks are self-supporting and strong enough to hold shape as the structure’s size increases with each layer of deposition.
Distinct Contributions of Astrocytes and Pericytes to Neuroinflammation Identified in a 3D Human Blood-Brain Barrier on a Chip
Neurovascular inflammation is a major contributor to many neurological disorders, but modeling these processes in vitro has proven to be difficult. Here, we microengineered a three-dimensional (3D) model of the human blood-brain barrier (BBB) within a microfluidic chip by creating a cylindrical collagen gel containing a central hollow lumen inside a microchannel, culturing primary human brain microvascular endothelial cells on the gel’s inner surface, and flowing medium through the lumen.
Innovation in the Algorithm Age
This article originally appeared in City Journal on Feb. 17, 2016. Sixty years ago this month, the Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory was formed, and Silicon Valley was born. A year later, in 1957, eight of Shockley’s founders left to form Fairchild Semiconductor.
Stable neutral radicals of planar N2O2-type dipyrrin platinum complexes: hybrid radicals of the delocalized organic π-orbital and platinum d-orbital
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Active site densities, oxygen activation and adsorbed reactive oxygen in alcohol activation on npAu catalysts
The activation of molecular O as well as the reactivity of adsorbed oxygen species is of central importance in aerobic selective oxidation chemistry on Au-based catalysts.
Nanozymes in bionanotechnology: from sensing to therapeutics and beyond
In the past few decades, researchers have developed lots of artificial enzymes with various materials to mimic the structures and functions of natural enzymes. Recently, nanozymes, nanomaterials with enzyme-like characteristics, are emerging as novel artificial enzymes, and attracting researchers’ enormous interest. Remarkable advances have been made in the area of nanozymes due to their unique properties compared with natural enzymes and classic artificial enzymes.
Multifunctionality of chiton biomineralized armor with an integrated visual system
Although many biological tissues serve more than one purpose, rarely are they optimized to do multiple tasks well. When you try to optimize for one functionality, it comes at the expense of another. Li et al. investigated the biomineralized armor of the small mollusc chiton Acanthopleura granulata. The armor appears to be optimized for both mechanical strength and for image capture by hundreds of integral aragonite-based lenses.
A biomimetic approach to hormone resistant prostate cancer cell isolation using inactivated Sendai virus (HVJ-E)
Our study reports a versatile immobilization method of Hemagglutinating Virus of Japan Envelope (HVJ-E) for the generation of viral-mimetic surfaces for hormone resistant prostate cancer cell isolation. HVJ-E has recently attracted much attention as a new type of therapeutic material because hormone resistant prostate cancer cells such as PC-3 cells possess the HVJ-E receptors, GD1a.
Alkaline quinone flow battery
Flow batteries, in which the redox active components are held in tanks separate from the active part of the cell, offer a scalable route for storing large quantities of energy. A challenge for their large-scale development is to avoid formulations that depend on toxic transition metal ions. Lin et al. show that quinones can be dissolved in alkaline solutions and coupled with ferricyanides to make a flow cell battery (see the Perspective by Perry).
How much bulk energy storage is needed to decarbonize electricity?
High cost and technical immaturity of bulk (multi-hour) electricity storage (BES) systems are often cited as major hurdles to increasing the penetration of intermittent renewables. We use a simple model to assess the economics of BES under carbon emissions constraints. Size and dispatch of a green-field generation fleet is optimized to meet a variable load at a 15 minute time resolution.
Colloidal matter: Packing, geometry, and entropy
Colloidal particles, which consist of clusters of hundreds or thousands of atoms, can still resemble atomic systems. In particular, colloids have been used to study the packing of spheres and the influence of short-range interactions on crystallization and melting. Manoharan reviews these similarities, as well as the cases in which colloidal particles show behavior not seen in atomic systems.
A colloidoscope of colloid-based porous materials and their uses
Nature evolved a variety of hierarchical structures that produce sophisticated functions. Inspired by these natural materials, colloidal self-assembly provides a convenient way to produce structures from simple building blocks with a variety of complex functions beyond those found in nature. In particular, colloid-based porous materials (CBPM) can be made from a wide variety of materials.
The secrets of secretion
Cambridge, Mass. - June 22, 2015 -- Anything you can do, nature can do better. Chemical delivery systems, self-healing cells, non-stick surfaces -- nature perfected those long ago. Now, researchers at Harvard have hacked nature's blueprints to create a new technology that could have broad-reaching impact on drug delivery systems and self-healing and anti-fouling materials. The secret is secretion.
Glacial fluctuations since the ‘Medieval Warm Period’ at Rothera Point (western Antarctic Peninsula)
At a global scale, there is no evidence for synchronous multi-decadal warm (‘Medieval Warm Period’, MWP) or cold (‘Little Ice Age’, LIA) periods in the late Holocene. On the other hand, there is good correspondence globally in the timing of MWP or LIA and phases of glacier retreat and advance, respectively, with local exceptions mainly explained by the precipitation regime.
Targeted Drug Delivery to Flow-Obstructed Blood Vessels Using Mechanically Activated Nanotherapeutics
The American Medical Association is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians. The AMA designates this journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 CreditTM per course. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
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