Christopher Bail
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Articles by Christopher Bail
Toward an integrated and globally equitable understanding of political polarization
Abstract Political polarization poses major societal risks, yet a globally relevant, interdisciplinary understanding remains lacking, as nearly half of all studies focus on the United States. We argue for renewed effort to bring global equity to polarization research, highlighting insights robust across countries, those unique to specific contexts, and key literature gaps.
Designing social media to promote productive political dialogue
Abstract Social media are frequently blamed for exacerbating ideological divides. We evaluate whether it is possible to design a social media platform that instead promotes productive, open-minded dialogue among users. We recruited 1,043 Americans to test a new social media platform by installing a mobile app we developed for iOS and Android devices. Participants were randomly assigned to spend ten minutes on one of two versions of a simulated social media platform.
大语言模型成为文化研究新工具，效率与一致性超越传统方法
2014年，美国北卡罗来纳大学的社会学家Christopher Bail在Theory and Society上发表了一篇纲领性文章，题为The cultural environment:Measuring culture with big data。他犀利地指出了一个尴尬的错位： “计算机科学家手握分析海量数据的利器，却不知道该从中提取什么意义；文化社会学家拥有精深的意义理论，却只能困在访谈记录和田野笔记的微观世界里，对浩如烟海的文本数据望洋兴叹。” 2024年，Edgar Dubourg等人给出了一个实操性的回应——A step-by-step method for cultural annotation by LLMs。他们揭示，ChatGPT这类大语言模型（LLM）正在成为文化研究的“超级标注员”，能以惊人的效率和一致性完成过去需要大量人力才能做到的事。 数据的洪流——我们淹没在文本里了 Bail在文章开篇就扔出一个让人瞠目的数字： 2002年积累的数据量超过了人类历史上此前所有年份的总和。到2011年，2002年之前的全部数据量每两天就能被重新产生一遍。...
Social media supercharged our disagreements. Could AI help us resolve them?
The most surprising and impactful new stories delivered to your inbox every week, for free. Big question: What will AI mean for how humans communicate with one another? We’re only beginning to glimpse the answer.
Atmosphere teleconnections from abatement of China aerosol emissions exacerbate Northeast Pacific warm blob events | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Atmosphere teleconnections from abatement of China aerosol emissions exacerbate Northeast Pacific warm blob events Hai Wang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3248-6968, Xiao-Tong Zheng https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6335-1383 zhengxt@ouc.edu.cn, Wenju Cai, +8 , Zi-Wen Han https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1326-6689, Shang-Ping Xie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3676-1325, Sarah M.
Reducing political polarization in the United States with a mobile chat platform - Nature Human Behaviour
Abstract Do anonymous online conversations between people with different political views exacerbate or mitigate partisan polarization? We created a mobile chat platform to study the impact of such discussions. Our study recruited Republicans and Democrats in the United States to complete a survey about their political views.
Opinion: Facebook's decision on readmitting Trump is going to enrage people. But there's more to the story Original
(CNN)Four months ago, Facebook announced former President Donald Trump had been suspended indefinitely from its platform. On Wednesday morning, Facebook's oversight board -- a first-of-its-kind group of legal experts and human rights leaders -- will announce its decision about whether Trump will be permanently banned. Facebook's decision will be a litmus test for social media platforms' capacity to draw the line between the protection of free speech and public safety.
Facebook's decision on readmitting Trump is going to enrage people. But there's more to the story
Related GOP candidate crushed after opposing Trump says party 'not living up to this moment' Michael Wood, a Republican whose anti-Donald Trump message resulted in a crushing defeat in a special election for a Texas US House seat over the weekend, said the party is compromising its values by spreading the former president's falsehoods. George W. Bush leaves out an ugly truth You know the Republican Party has really gone off the rails when even George W.
Assessing the Russian Internet Research Agency’s impact on the political attitudes and behaviors of American Twitter users in late 2017
Significance While numerous studies analyze the strategy of online influence campaigns, their impact on the public remains an open question. We investigate this question combining longitudinal data on 1,239 Republicans and Democrats from late 2017 with data on Twitter accounts operated by the Russian Internet Research Agency. We find no evidence that interacting with these accounts substantially impacted 6 political attitudes and behaviors.
Political sectarianism in America
Summary Political polarization, a concern in many countries, is especially acrimonious in the United States (see the first box). For decades, scholars have studied polarization as an ideological matter—how strongly Democrats and Republicans diverge vis-à-vis political ideals and policy goals. Such competition among groups in the marketplace of ideas is a hallmark of a healthy democracy.
Political sectarianism in America
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Political sectarianism in America
Summary Political polarization, a concern in many countries, is especially acrimonious in the United States (see the first box). For decades, scholars have studied polarization as an ideological matter—how strongly Democrats and Republicans diverge vis-à-vis political ideals and policy goals. Such competition among groups in the marketplace of ideas is a hallmark of a healthy democracy.
Channeling Hearts and Minds: Advocacy Organizations, Cognitive-Emotional Currents, and Public Conversation
Conversation is often described as the soul of democracy (Dewey 1991; Habermas 1981; Rorty 1991). This is not only because it spreads awareness about social problems, but also because it stimulates deliberation about how these problems might be solved (Eliasoph and Lichterman 1999; Katz and Lazarsfeld 1955; Perrin 2006; Polletta 2004). Yet advocacy organizations that aim to stimulate conversation face considerable competition for public attention.
Computational Social Science and Sociology
Annual Review of Sociology Vol. 46:- (Volume publication date July 2020) Review in Advance first posted online on April 28, 2020. (Changes may still occur before final publication.) https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-121919-054621 Achim Edelmann,1,2 Tom Wolff,3 Danielle Montagne,3 and Christopher A.
Want to bridge divides? Clean your Twitter house first
(CNN)As Republicans and Democrats continue to sort themselves into different geographic regions, we may soon realize that social media is one of the few remaining places where bipartisan dialogue is actually possible. This question will become doubly urgent as younger generations of Americans continue to flock to Facebook, Twitter and YouTube to learn about politics.
Assessing the Russian Internet Research Agency’s impact on the political attitudes and behaviors of American Twitter users in late 2017
Significance While numerous studies analyze the strategy of online influence campaigns, their impact on the public remains an open question. We investigate this question combining longitudinal data on 1,239 Republicans and Democrats from late 2017 with data on Twitter accounts operated by the Russian Internet Research Agency. We find no evidence that interacting with these accounts substantially impacted 6 political attitudes and behaviors.
Prestige, Proximity, and Prejudice: How Google Search Terms Diffuse across the World1
A large literature examines the global diffusion of institutions and policies, yet there is much less systematic research on how cultural tastes, consumption preferences, and other individual interests spread across the globe.
Opinion | Twitter’s Flawed Solution to Political Polarization
During his appearance before Congress on Wednesday, Twitter’s chief executive, Jack Dorsey, repeatedly denied that Twitter’s algorithms are biased against conservative voices. His denials echoed recent statements he has made about the importance of exposing people to opposing political views. Indeed, he announced last month that Twitter was experimenting with new features that would actively expose people to such views. Mr. Dorsey’s goal of reducing political polarization is commendable.
Exposure to opposing views on social media can increase political polarization
Exposure to opposing views on social media can increase political polarization Christopher A. Bail christopher.bail@duke.edu, Lisa P. Argyle, Taylor W. Brown, +6 , John P. Bumpus, Haohan Chen, M. B. Fallin Hunzaker, Jaemin Lee, Marcus Mann, Friedolin Merhout, and Alexander Volfovsky -6Authors Info & Affiliations Edited by Peter S.
Exposure to opposing views on social media can increase political polarization
Significance Social media sites are often blamed for exacerbating political polarization by creating “echo chambers” that prevent people from being exposed to information that contradicts their preexisting beliefs. We conducted a field experiment that offered a large group of Democrats and Republicans financial compensation to follow bots that retweeted messages by elected officials and opinion leaders with opposing political views.
Using Internet search data to examine the relationship between anti-Muslim and pro-ISIS sentiment in U.S. counties
Recent terrorist attacks by first- and second-generation immigrants in the United States and Europe indicate that radicalization may result from the failure of ethnic integration—or the rise of intergroup prejudice in communities where “home-grown” extremists are raised. Yet, these community-level drivers are notoriously difficult to study because public opinion surveys provide biased measures of both prejudice and radicalization.
How fringe attacks on American Muslims became mainstream
Donald Trump recently claimed that he saw Muslims celebrating in New Jersey after the September 11 attacks. He later reaffirmed this account despite a lack of evidence, adding that suspected terrorists should be tortured during counterterrorism investigations even if it “doesn’t work” because they “deserve it anyway.” Though such brazen criticisms of minority groups are characteristic of Trump, his comments also illustrate the degree to which fringe ideas about Islam have become mainstream.
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