Hostility toward refugees is a global phenomenon (Bansak et al., Reference Bansak, Hainmueller and Hangartner2016; Wike et al., Reference Wike, Stokes and Simmons2016; Cowling et al., Reference Cowling, Anderson and Ferguson2019). In the United States, the American public has often expressed exclusionary attitudes toward refugees, even during humanitarian crises such as World War II or the more recent Syrian and Afghan conflicts (Pew Research Center, 2015; Hartig, Reference Hartig2018).