3.2. Model Performance Evaluation RF has the best performance among all the models, with the highest R2 and lowest RMSE over the validation set. The scatter plots comparing model predicted values against measured values in the validation set are shown in Figure 4. All the models do not show significant bias in their predictions. The LASSO and NN models show more outliers and are more scattered than SVR and RF models, which are consistent with their R2 and RMSE performance.