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Articles by Edward Maibach
Column: Virginia should consider health effects of data center growth
Getting your Trinity Audio player ready... Virginia is home to the largest concentration of data centers on the planet, a region aptly nicknamed “Data Center Alley.” Fueled by cloud computing, artificial intelligence and cryptocurrency, these facilities handle an estimated 70% of the world’s internet traffic. Virginia became the data center capital due to its proximity to Washington, D.C., affordable land and state tax incentives dating back to 2009.
A registered report megastudy on the persuasiveness of the most-cited climate messages - Nature Climate Change
Abstract It is important to understand how persuasive the most-cited climate change messaging strategies are. In five replication studies, we found limited evidence of persuasive effects of three highly cited strategies (N = 3,216). We then conducted a registered report megastudy (N = 13,544) testing the effects of the 10 most-cited climate change messaging strategies on Americans’ pro-environmental attitudes and behaviour.
Experience-driven perceptions misalign with assessed heat risk in the United States - Nature Communications
Abstract Extreme heat poses a risk to public health, yet illness and death from heat exposure are largely preventable through behavioral adaptation. However, individuals’ perceptions of local heat risks often diverge from expert assessments, limiting protective behaviors.
Extreme weather event attribution predicts climate policy support across the world - Nature Climate Change
Abstract Extreme weather events are becoming more frequent and intense due to climate change. Yet, little is known about the relationship between exposure to extreme events, subjective attribution of these events to climate change, and climate policy support, especially in the Global South.
Perceptions of science, science communication, and climate change attitudes in 68 countries – the TISP dataset - Scientific Data
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Abstract Science is integral to society because it can inform individual, government, corporate, and civil society decision-making on issues such as public health, new technologies or climate change. Yet, public distrust and populist sentiment challenge the relationship between science and society.
By Niels G. Mede, Sebastian Berger, Marina Joubert, Edward Maibach, Sabina Mihelj, Balazs Aczel, Alaa Aldoh, Marlene S. Altenmüller, Ronita Bardhan, Cornelia Betsch, Rahul Bhui, Timothy Callaghan, Steven De Peuter, Kimberly C. Doell, Karen Douglas, Dmitrii Dubrov, Małgorzata Dzimińska, Christian T. Elbaek, Xiaoli Fan, Christina Farhart, Stefan Feuerriegel, Malte Friese, Patricia Garrido-Vásquez, Omid Ghasemi, Claudia González-Brambila, Dmitry Grigoryev, Markus Huff, Younes Jeddi, Dominika Jurgiel, John Kerr Verified, Alexandra I. Kosachenko, Claus Lamm, Aleksandra Lazić, Neil Levy, Chloe Lucas, Mathew D. Marques, Thomas Ostermann, Tobias Otterbring, Philip Pärnamets, Paolo Parra Saiani, Michal Parzuchowski, Yuri G. Pavlov, Adam Pearson, Charlotte R Pennington, Marija Petrovic, Jan Pfänder, Ekaterina Pronizius, Katarzyna Pypno-Blajda, Adrian Rauchfleisch, Felix G. Rebitschek, Jan Philipp Röer, Robert Ross, Philipp Schmid, Emily Shuckburgh, Johan Six, Nevin Solak, Samantha Stanley, Noel Strahm, Stylianos Syropoulos, Barnabas Szaszi, Ewa Szumowska, Boryana Todorova, Abdoul Kafid Toko, Daniel Toribio-Flórez, Michael Tyrala, Jochem van Noord, Steven Verheyen, Madalina Vlasceanu, Marcel Weber, Adrian Wójcik, Ziqian Xia, Ewa Zegler-Poleska
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Nature
Verified
Trust in scientists and their role in society across 68 countries
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Abstract Science is crucial for evidence-based decision-making. Public trust in scientists can help decision makers act on the basis of the best available evidence, especially during crises. However, in recent years the epistemic authority of science has been challenged, causing concerns about low public trust in scientists.
By Viktoria Cologna, Niels G. Mede, Sebastian Berger, Marina Joubert, Edward Maibach, Sabina Mihelj, Mike S. Schäfer, Balazs Aczel, Mark Alfano, Marlene S. Altenmüller, Denisa Apriliawati, Ani Bajrami, Keagile Bati, Cornelia Betsch, Apurav Bhatiya, Rahul Bhui, Olga Białobrzeska, Michał Bilewicz, Ondrej Buchel, Sami Çoksan, Steven De Peuter, Ramit Debnath, Sylvain Delouvée, Celia Diaz-Catalán, Kimberly C. Doell, Karen Douglas, Dmitrii Dubrov, Christian T. Elbaek, Benjamin Enke, Stefan Feuerriegel, Malte Friese, Simon Fuglsang, Omid Ghasemi, Mario Gollwitzer, Claudia González-Brambila, Hazel Gordon, Dmitry Grigoryev, Przemysław G Hensel, Mairéad Hurley, Maho Ishibashi, Dominika Jurgiel, John Kerr Verified, Tereza Klabíková Rábová, Olivier Klein, Aki Koivula, Lina Koppel, John E. Kotcher, Claus Lamm, Anthony Lantian, Aleksandra Lazić, Oscar Lecuona, Jean-Baptiste Légal, Zoe Leviston, Neil Levy, Amanda M. Lindkvist, Alberto Ortega, Nigel Mantou Lou, Chloe Lucas, Kristin Lunz-Trujillo, Mathew D. Marques, Hugo Mercier, Taciano L. Milfont, Joanne Miller, Panagiotis Mitkidis, Matt Motta, Jonas P. Nitschke, Daniel Nwogwugwu, Thomas Ostermann, Tobias Otterbring, Philip Pärnamets, Paolo Parra Saiani, Michal Parzuchowski, Yuri G. Pavlov, Charlotte R Pennington, Jan Pfänder, Ekaterina Pronizius, Katarzyna Pypno-Blajda, Pekka Räsänen, Adrian Rauchfleisch, Felix G. Rebitschek, Jan Philipp Röer, Robert Ross, Philipp Schmid, Emily Shuckburgh, Nevin Solak, Samantha Stanley, Gert Storms, Noel Strahm, Stylianos Syropoulos, Barnabas Szaszi, Ewa Szumowska, Boryana Todorova, Daniel Toribio-Flórez, Manos Tsakiris, Michael Tyrala, Christiana Varda, Steven Verheyen, Madalina Vlasceanu, Florian Wintterlin, Ziqian Xia, Ewa Zegler-Poleska, Amber Zenklusen
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Nature
Verified
Climate change, health, and the US election
John Kotcher, director of research1, Jeni Miller, executive director2, Matto Mildenberger, associate professor of political science3, Edward Maibach, director1 1Center for Climate Change Communication, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA 2Global Climate and Health Alliance, Berkeley, CA, USA 3University of California Santa Barbara, California, USA Correspondence to: J Kotcher jkotcher{at}gmu.edu The climate-health link has not been an election focus On 5 November US voters will...
YPCCC’s Resources on Climate in the 2024 U.S. General Election
2024 is a critically important election year for the climate in the U.S. and around the world. As Election Day nears in the U.S., we are providing a final round-up of our election-relevant resources and insights. Many important climate policies, including the transition to clean energy, investments in underserved and more vulnerable communities, and participation in international climate treaties, will be determined by voters’ choices in the 2024 elections.
Perceptions of carbon dioxide emission reductions and future warming among climate experts - Communications Earth & Environment
Abstract The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) employs emission scenarios to explore a range of future climate outcomes but refrains from assigning probabilities to individual scenarios. However, IPCC authors have their own views on the likelihood of different climate outcomes, which are valuable to understand because authors possess both expert insight and considerable influence.
Changes in Global Warming’s Six Americas: An analysis of repeat respondents
We are pleased to announce the publication of a new article, “Changes in Global Warming’s Six Americas: An analysis of repeat respondents” in the journal Climatic Change. The Global Warming’s Six Americas framework describes six climate change audiences within the American public: the Alarmed, Concerned, Cautious, Disengaged, Doubtful, and Dismissive. These groups form a spectrum from most to least worried about global warming.
Climate change belief systems across political groups in the United States
Citation: Lee S, Goldberg MH, Rosenthal SA, Maibach EW, Kotcher JE, Leiserowitz A (2024) Climate change belief systems across political groups in the United States. PLoS ONE 19(3): e0300048. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0300048 Editor: Enkeleint A. Mechili, UV: Universiteti Ismail Qemali Vlore, ALBANIA Received: September 9, 2023; Accepted: February 20, 2024; Published: March 20, 2024 Copyright: © 2024 Lee et al.
The “Think-and-do Tank” Model: Action-oriented Climate Communication Research
ABSTRACT Since its founding in 2007, the George Mason University Center for Climate Change Communication has pursued an approach to climate science communication that we call a “think-and-do tank” model. The “thinking” element involves strategic communication research intended to illuminate strategies to improve public engagement with climate change that, if applied at scale, will cultivate public and political will for climate solutions.
Harnessing the Power of Communication and Behavior Science to Enhance Society's Response to Climate Change
Abstract A science-based understanding of climate change and potential mitigation and adaptation options can provide decision makers with important guidance in making decisions about how best to respond to the many challenges inherent in climate change. In this review we provide an evidence-based heuristic for guiding efforts to share science-based information about climate change with decision makers and the public at large.
Climate reporting is just 'warming up' as the news publishing industry invests more in data, reporters and partnerships
Victoria Holmes | for Editor & Publisher On June 24, 1988, The New York Times reported with an A1 headline: “Global warming has begun.” The day before, in an alarmingly hot summer in Washington, D.C., then-NASA climate scientist Dr. James Hansen testified in front of the Senate Subcommittee on Energy and Natural Resources. He presented the case that the climate was warming and that it resulted from human activity.
Improving public understanding of climate change by supporting weathercasters - Nature Climate Change
To the Editor — Effectively communicating the risks of climate change is essential for advancing the adaptation and mitigation measures required for human and planetary health. Building and supporting trusted communicators can be an important means to reach that end. This is a preview of subscription content Access options Subscribe to Journal Get full journal access for 1 year $99.00 only $8.25 per issue All prices are NET prices. VAT will be added later in the checkout.
For a prosperous tomorrow, Virginia needs to make good decisions today
Ignoring a problem that continues to get worse is rarely a wise option. A better approach is to do what is necessary to understand the problem and find solutions to address it. Communities across the commonwealth already are being transformed by the effects of climate change, and not for the better. Virginia's weather and climate will continue to undergo serious changes over the coming decades and beyond.
For a prosperous tomorrow, Virginia needs to make good decisions today
Ignoring a problem that continues to get worse is rarely a wise option. A better approach is to do what is necessary to understand the problem and find solutions to address it. Communities across the commonwealth already are being transformed by the effects of climate change, and not for the better. Virginia's weather and climate will continue to undergo serious changes over the coming decades and beyond.
An evidence-based strategy to increase public and political will to address climate change
Health People Power Climate Sustainable Development Goals International Co-operation A growing body of evidence suggests that effectively communicating about the health harms of climate change—and the solutions to address them—can help generate the public demand for climate action necessary to increase political will among government leaders.
Climate Change and Civil Disobedience - Yale Program on Climate Change Communication
Social movements (e.g., anti-war, civil rights, labor, environmental) and leaders (e.g., the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Mahatma Gandhi, Rosa Parks) have historically used non-violent civil disobedience (e.g., sit-ins, blockades) as a powerful tool to build political power and motivate corporate or government action. In recent years, groups like Extinction Rebellion have advocated for the use of non-violent civil disobedience to promote climate action.
Climate change and human health: Education to empower consumers and communities
Knowledge is power, and the key to positive action. As climate impacts increase, the need to empower consumers will become crucial. Trusted brands can play a vital role in educating and enabling communities to act and build climate resilience. This panel discussion focuses on how a group of organisations, having developed common principles and plans, can use education and behaviour change to put such plans into action. The panel talk about how technology can be a tool to empower consumers.
Are Journalists Reporting on the Highest-Impact Climate Solutions? Findings from a Survey of Environmental Journalists
ABSTRACT While the most promising climate change solutions have yet to be widely implemented, journalists are well-positioned to ensure that solutions are on the public's agenda. Here, we investigate the climate solutions reporting interests and practices of environmental journalists (N = 592), paying particular attention to negative emissions technologies (NETs).
Health Professionals and the Climate Crisis: Trusted Voices, Essential Roles
Abstract Climate change has triggered a global public health emergency that, unless adequately addressed, is likely to become a multigenerational public health catastrophe. The policy actions needed to limit global warming deliver a wide range of public health benefits above and beyond those that will result from limiting climate change.
Climate Issues. Part II: A Panel Hosted by Climate Matters
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Views of health professionals on climate change and health: a multinational survey study
Summary Climate change arguably represents one of the greatest global health threats of our time. Health professionals can advocate for global efforts to reduce emissions and protect people from climate change; however, evidence of their willingness to do so remains scarce. In this Viewpoint, we report findings from a large, multinational survey of health professionals (n=4654) that examined their views of climate change as a human health issue.
A pathway to net zero emissions for healthcare
News & Views A pathway to net zero...
Yale Program on Climate Change Communication
These maps show how Americans’ interest in news stories about climate change vary at the state, congressional district, and county levels. About Downscaling Climate Opinions This version of the Yale Climate Opinion Maps is based on data from autumn 2020. Americans are interested in climate news and require information about the global warming’s impacts and solutions in order to inform their decision making about policies to reduce global warming or prepare for the impacts.
How Americans Respond to Information About Global Warming's Health Impacts: Evidence From a National Survey Experiment
Abstract Americans tend to see global warming as a distant threat, but a small body of previous research suggests that information about the health implications of global warming may enhance public engagement with the issue. We sought to extend those findings with a longitudinal study that examined how Americans react to information about eight specific categories of health impacts from global warming.
The American Journal of Public Health (AJPH) from the American Public Health Association (APHA) publications
Affiliation Edward Maibach PhD, MPH, Howard Frumkin MD, DrPH, and Connie Roser-Renouf PhD Edward Maibach and Connie Roser-Renouf are with the Center for Climate Change Communication, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA. Howard Frumkin is with the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle.
Climate Change in the Minds of U.S. News Audiences
Report Summary Introduction This report is an analysis of public opinion about climate change among the regular U.S. audience (American adults who frequently watch, read, or listen to the content) of each of six major U.S. news sources: CNN, MSNBC, Fox News, NPR, the Weather Channel, and the national nightly network news (on CBS, ABC, or NBC).
Understanding the health harms of climate change: A Six Americas analysis
Through our research on Americans’ beliefs and attitudes about climate change, we have identified six distinct audiences, ranging on a spectrum from the Alarmed, who understand the threat of climate change and are very worried about it, to the Dismissive, who do not think climate change is real and are likely to believe it is a hoax. Between 2014 and 2020, the proportion of the U.S. population that is Alarmed about climate change more than doubled.
Climate Change in the American Mind: October 2014
Today, two thirds of Americans think global warming is happening (66%, up 3 percentage points since November, 2013), whereas only about one in six think it is not happening (16%, down 7 points). The public’s understanding of what is causing global warming, however, is largely at odds with climate science. Currently, only half of Americans (50%) think that global warming, if it is happening, is mostly caused by human activities.
Americans increasingly understand that climate change harms human health
The U.S. National Climate Assessment conducted in 2018 concluded that climate change is already harming people and communities across America. For many Americans, the most personally relevant climate impacts are the significant risks it poses to their health. As the climate continues to warm, these health harms are becoming more frequent, severe, and widespread.
Which racial/ethnic groups care most about climate change?
Climate change disproportionately affects members of disadvantaged communities and groups who face socioeconomic inequalities, including many people of color. As the United States becomes more racially and ethnically diverse, promoting public engagement with climate change across diverse audiences is becoming increasingly important.
A public health frame arouses hopeful emotions about climate change
Abstract Communication researchers and practitioners have suggested that framing climate change in terms of public health and/or national security may make climate change more personally relevant and emotionally engaging to segments of the public who are currently disengaged or even dismissive of the issue.
Broadcast Meteorologists’ Views on Climate Change: A State-of-the-Community Review
Helping Americans understand how climate change is affecting their community and the larger world around them is an important step toward enabling them to make informed decisions about how best to respond (Bain et al. 2016). At present, climate change is causing a range of impacts in every region of the United States (Hartmann et al. 2013; Academies of Science 2008; Melillo et al. 2014).
How to Talk with Climate Change Skeptics in Your Church
More than 97 percent of climate scientists agree that human-caused climate change is happening here and now. Yet many Americans are unaware of this scientific consensus. Meanwhile, evidence of climate change is mounting—rising seas, retreating glaciers, and extreme weather—as are their effects on human health and well-being, everything from more lung disease and vector-borne illnesses to injuries and deaths from extreme weather events.
The prevalence and rationale for presenting an opposing viewpoint in climate change reporting: Findings from a United States national survey of TV weathercasters
The journalistic norm of balance bas been described as the practice of giving equal weight to different sides of a story; false balance is balanced reporting when the weight of evidence strongly favors one side over others—for example, the reality of human-caused climate change. False balance is problematic because it skews public perception of expert agreement.
Reporting on Climate Change by Broadcast Meteorologists: A National Assessment
Through increases in the frequency and intensity of extremely warm temperatures, less frequent instances of cold weather, and changing precipitation patterns, climate change has touched the lives of millions of Americans over the past several years (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 2016, 85–125).
Evidence-based messages promote public understanding of the neurotoxic effects of air pollution
Fossil fuel use has been linked a range of negative health outcomes, including harmful effects to our brains and cognitive functions. A study published in BMC Public Health investigated the use of key messages in raising awareness of these issues. This blog, written by the authors of the study, discusses the research and the impact this has for future health policies and public engagement.
Fossil fuels are harming our brains: identifying key messages about the health effects of air pollution from fossil fuels
Abstract Background Previous research suggests that providing generalized information about the health implications of air pollution from fossil fuels may be effective at promoting public support for a transition to cleaner sources of energy. We sought to extend that work by identifying the specific messages about the health implications of air pollution from fossil fuels that are most and least concerning to people, and whether rankings of concern vary among different audiences.
Discussing global warming leads to greater acceptance of climate science
Abstract Climate change is an urgent global issue, with demands for personal, collective, and governmental action. Although a large body of research has investigated the influence of communication on public engagement with climate change, few studies have investigated the role of interpersonal discussion. Here we use panel data with 2 time points to investigate the role of climate conversations in shaping beliefs and feelings about global warming. We find evidence of reciprocal causality.
Perceived Social Consensus Can Reduce Ideological Biases on Climate Change
There is a strong scientific consensus that human-caused climate change is happening, and there is a significant threat to human societies and ecosystems worldwide (Cook et al., 2016). Although there is consensus among more than 97% of climate scientists that human-caused global warming is happening (Cook et al., 2016), many Americans do not believe that climate change is happening (30%) or that it is human caused (42%; Leiserowitz et al., 2018b).
Limiting global warming to 1.5 to 2.0°C-A unique and necessary role for health professionals
Loading metrics Open Access Editorial Edward W. Maibach , Mona Sarfaty, Mark Mitchell, Rob Gould Edward W. Maibach, Mona Sarfaty, Mark Mitchell, Rob Gould Published: May 14, 2019 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002804 Citation: Maibach EW, Sarfaty M, Mitchell M, Gould R (2019) Limiting global warming to 1.5 to 2.0°C—A unique and necessary role for health professionals. PLoS Med 16(5): e1002804.
Yale Program on Climate Change Communication
We are pleased to announce the publication of a new peer-reviewed article entitled Improving public engagement with climate change: Five “best practice” insights from psychological science in the journal Perspectives on Psychological Science. President Obama recently signed an executive order encouraging the federal government to use insights from behavioral science to better serve the American people.
A Growing Majority of Americans Think Global Warming is Happening and are Worried
Data from our Climate Change in the American Mind surveys show that, over the past five years, the proportion of Americans who think global warming is happening and who worry about it has increased sharply. During this time, Americans have become increasingly convinced that global warming is happening (+11 percentage points), is human-caused (+15), and that most scientists agree it is happening (+15).
Americans are Increasingly “Alarmed” About Global Warming
Six in ten Americans are now either “Alarmed” or “Concerned” about global warming. From 2013 to 2018, the proportion of “Alarmed” more than doubled. Our prior research has categorized Americans into six groups – Global Warming’s Six Americas – based on their climate change beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. The “Alarmed” are the most worried about global warming and most supportive of aggressive action to reduce carbon pollution.
Climate Change in the American Mind: December 2018
4. Personal and Social Engagement with Global Warming 4.1. About four in ten Americans say they discuss global warming with family and friends “often” or “occasionally.” About four in ten (41%) Americans say they discuss global warming with family and friends at least occasionally.
Who is changing their mind about global warming and why?
Home / Who is changing their mind about global warming and why? Climate Note · Jan 9, 2019 Who is changing their mind about global warming and why? By Kathryn S. Deeg, Anthony Leiserowitz, Edward Maibach, John Kotcher and Jennifer Marlon Filed under: Beliefs & Attitudes As of March 2018, the majority of Americans (73%) believe that global warming is happening, and over half of registered voters (59%) believe that humans are the primary cause (Leiserowitz et al., 2018).
The Green New Deal has Strong Bipartisan Support
The Green New Deal has Strong Bipartisan Support among Registered Voters Some members of Congress are proposing a “Green New Deal” for the U.S. They say that a Green New Deal will produce jobs and strengthen America’s economy by accelerating the transition from fossil fuels to clean, renewable energy.
Reframing climate change as a public health issue: an exploratory study of public reactions
Edward W Maibach1Email author, Matthew Nisbet1, 2, Paula Baldwin1, Karen Akerlof1 and Guoqing Diao3 BMC Public Health201010:299 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-299 © Maibach et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2010 Received: 4 January 2010 Accepted: 1 June 2010 Published: 1 June 2010 Abstract Background Climate change is taking a toll on human health, and some leaders in the public health community have urged their colleagues to give voice to its health implications.
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