Abstract Background: Aerobic training is a promising rehabilitation strategy in multiple sclerosis (MS). However, individual responses to exercise vary. Objectives: To assess whether baseline demographic, clinical, and MRI features in MS patients predict response to aerobic or non-aerobic training. Methods: Eighty-eight MS patients were randomized to 24-session aerobic (n = 43) or non-aerobic (n = 45) training over 2–3 months.