Abstract Efficient long-range axonal transport is essential for maintaining neuronal function, and perturbations in this process underlie severe neurological diseases. We have previously demonstrated that signalling endosomes are transported in vivo at comparable speeds across motor neurons (MNs) innervating different hindlimb muscles, as well as between forelimb and hindlimb peripheral nerves. In contrast, axonal transport is faster in MNs compared to sensory neurons innervating the same muscle.