[1] Cornerstone Research, “Securities Class Action Filings 2025 Year in Review,” available at https://www.cornerstone.com/insights/reports/securities-class-action-filings-2025-year-in-review/. [2] Pampena v. Musk, 22-cv-05937 (N.D. Cal.), ECF No. 538 (Mar. 20, 2026). [3] SEC v. Sripetch, 154 F.4th 980 (9th Cir. 2025). [4] SEC v. Govil, 86 F.4th 89 (2d Cir. 2023).