Jia-Ying Chen

Eur. Phys. J.

1 Introduction Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is defined by the absence of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor expression, as well as the absence of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 overexpression or gene amplification. This particular subtype of breast cancer (BCa) is notorious for its high mortality rate, primarily attributed to its significant heterogeneity, aggressive behavior, and scarcity of viable therapeutic targets.

Chickpea is a field crop that is playing an emerging role in the provision of healthy and sustainable plant-based value-added ingredients for the food and nutraceutical industries. This paper reviews the characteristics of chickpea (composition, health properties and techno-functionality) of the chickpea grain which influence its use as a whole food or an ingredient in formulated food.