1 Introduction Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative bacterium that colonizes in the human stomach and has infected more than 50% of the global population [1], thereby posing a severe threat to global public health. H. pylori infection has been confirmed to be associated with a variety of digestive system diseases, such as peptic ulcers, chronic atrophic gastritis, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma; accordingly, it is classified as a Group I carcinogen for gastric cancer.