1 Introduction Aural cholesteatoma is a keratinaceous epidermoid cyst arising within the otic structures of the temporal bone (TB) [1]. Although not a true neoplasia, it shares similarities with many cancers, including hyperproliferation [2], tissue destruction [3-6], expression and mutation of oncogenes [7-9], and a high rate of recidivism (the preferred terminology encompassing both residual and recurrent disease) [2, 7, 10-14].