Junhao Wen
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Articles by Junhao Wen
Publisher Correction: Sleep chart of biological ageing clocks in middle and late life
Correction to: Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10524-5 Published online 13 May 2026 In the version of this article, there were typographical errors in the x-axis units listed in Fig. 1, where the range of hours, currently reading “4, 6, 8, 10” appeared originally as “0, 4, 8, 10”. The figure is amended in the HTML and PDF versions of the article.
Sex-specific biological aging clocks across organs and omics
Abstract Sex differentially shapes aging, neurodevelopment and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, most biological aging clocks (artificial intelligence-predicted age minus chronological age) were trained on sex-pooled samples and implicitly assume sex invariance.Here we developed 38 sex-specific biological aging clocks across 15 organ systems.
Author Correction: Sleep chart of biological ageing clocks in middle and late life
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Correction to: Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-026-10524-5 Published online 13 May 2026 The authors regret that two relevant prior studies were not cited in the original publication: Li et al. (2022)1 and Li et al. (2025)2. The references are listed below. References Li, Y. et al. The brain structure and genetic mechanisms underlying the nonlinear association between sleep duration, cognition and mental health. Nat. Aging 2, 425–437 (2022). Article PubMed Google Scholar Li, Y. et al.
By Cliodhna O’Toole, Zhiyuan Song, Filippos Anagnostakis, Zhijian Yang, Ye Tian, Michael Duggan, Chunrui Zou, Yue Leng, Yi Cai, Wenjia Bai, Cynthia Fu, Michael S Rafii, Paul Aisen, Gao T. Wang, Philip De Jager, Jian Zeng, Hamilton OH, Xia Zhou, Keenan A. Walker, Daniel Belsky, Andrew Zalesky, Eleanor M. Simonsick, Susan M. Resnick, Luigi Ferrucci, Christos Davatzikos, Junhao Wen
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Nature
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Sleep chart of biological ageing clocks in middle and late life
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Abstract Optimal sleep has a vital role in promoting healthy ageing and enhancing longevity. Here we propose Sleep Chart to assess the relationship between self-reported sleep duration and 23 biological ageing clocks derived from in vivo imaging1, plasma proteomics2 and metabolomics3. First, a systemic, U-shaped pattern emerges between sleep duration and biological age gaps across nine brain and body systems and three omics technologies.
By Cliodhna O’Toole, Zhiyuan Song, Filippos Anagnostakis, Zhijian Yang, Ye Tian, Michael Duggan, Chunrui Zou, Yue Leng, Yi Cai, Wenjia Bai, Cynthia Fu, Michael S Rafii, Paul Aisen, Gao Shan Wang, Philip De Jager, Jian Zeng, Hamilton OH, Xia Zhou, Keenan A. Walker, Daniel Belsky, Andrew Zalesky, Eleanor M. Simonsick, Susan M. Resnick, Luigi Ferrucci, Christos Davatzikos, Junhao Wen
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Nature
Verified
Computer Science > Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
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Biochemical and brain heterogeneity characterizes psychiatric and non-psychiatric illness
Abstract Biological heterogeneity presents a formidable challenge in understanding psychiatric illness, yet it remains underexplored at scale or in a pan-disease setting. We characterized biochemical and brain heterogeneity in 445,374 individuals, considering 9 psychiatric disorders and 30 non-psychiatric medical conditions. Psychiatric and non-psychiatric illnesses were characterized by greater biological heterogeneity than predicted by healthy variation.
Path Tracking for Forestry Autonomous Mobile Platforms Based on Improved Snake Optimizer‐Pure Pursuit Algorithm
Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data Availability Statement The authors have nothing to report. References , , and . 2021. “Cooperation Search Algorithm: A Novel Metaheuristic Evolutionary Intelligence Algorithm for Numerical Optimization and Engineering Optimization Problems.” Appl. Soft Comput 98: 106734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2020.106734. , and . 2022. “Snake Optimizer: A Novel Meta-Heuristic Optimization Algorithm.” Knowledge-Based Systems 242: 108320.
Towards a multi-organ, multi-omics medical digital twin - Nature Biomedical Engineering
Medical digital twins hold promises for advancing personalized medicine. With the rapid growth of multi-organ and multi-omics biomedical data, artificial intelligence can drive more holistic and integrated medical digital twins for human ageing and disease.
Refining the generation, interpretation and application of multi-organ, multi-omics biological aging clocks - Nature Aging
Abstract Multi-organ biological aging clocks derived from clinical phenotypes and neuroimaging data have emerged as valuable tools for studying human aging and disease. Plasma proteomics provides an additional molecular dimension to enrich these clocks. In this study, I developed 11 multi-organ proteome-based biological age gaps (ProtBAGs) using 2,448 plasma proteins from 43,498 participants in the UK Biobank.
Neuroimaging endophenotypes reveal underlying mechanisms and genetic factors contributing to progression and development of four brain disorders - Nature Biomedical Engineering
Abstract Recent work leveraging artificial intelligence has offered promise to dissect disease heterogeneity by identifying complex intermediate brain phenotypes, called dimensional neuroimaging endophenotypes (DNEs). We advance the argument that these DNEs capture the degree of expression of respective neuroanatomical patterns measured, offering a dimensional neuroanatomical representation for studying disease heterogeneity and similarities of neurologic and neuropsychiatric diseases.
Proteomic signatures of corona and herpes viral antibodies identify IGDCC4 as a mediator of neurodegeneration
Abstract Mechanisms underlying the dynamic relationships of viral infections and neurodegeneration warrant examination. Using a community-based cohort of older adults, the current study characterized the neurocognitive (cognitive functioning, brain volumes, Alzheimer’s disease positron emission tomography, and plasma biomarkers) and plasma proteomic (7268 proteins) profiles of four common coronavirus and six herpesvirus antibody titers.
A genetically informed brain atlas for enhancing brain imaging genomics - Nature Communications
Abstract Brain imaging genomics has manifested considerable potential in illuminating the genetic determinants of human brain structure and function. This has propelled us to develop the GIANT (Genetically Informed brAiN aTlas) that accounts for genetic and neuroanatomical variations simultaneously. Integrating voxel-wise heritability and spatial proximity, GIANT clusters brain voxels into genetically informed regions, while retaining fundamental anatomical knowledge.
Multi-organ metabolome biological age implicates cardiometabolic conditions and mortality risk
The authors have declared no competing interest. NA I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: This study was overseen by the Columbia Ethics Committees under IRB number (IRB-AAAV6751).
Automated cytometric gating with human-level performance using bivariate segmentation - Nature Communications
Abstract Recent advances in cytometry have enabled high-throughput data collection with multiple single-cell protein expression measurements. The significant biological and technical variance in cytometry has posed a formidable challenge during the gating process, especially for the initial pre-gates which deal with unpredictable events, such as debris and technical artifacts.
Agricultural Machinery Path Tracking with Varying Curvatures Based on an Improved Pure-Pursuit Method
All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.
Genetic and clinical correlates of two neuroanatomical AI dimensions in the Alzheimer’s disease continuum - Translational Psychiatry
Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is associated with heterogeneous atrophy patterns. We employed a semi-supervised representation learning technique known as Surreal-GAN, through which we identified two latent dimensional representations of brain atrophy in symptomatic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD patients: the “diffuse-AD” (R1) dimension shows widespread brain atrophy, and the “MTL-AD” (R2) dimension displays focal medial temporal lobe (MTL) atrophy.
Brain aging patterns in a large and diverse cohort of 49,482 individuals - Nature Medicine
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Abstract Brain aging process is influenced by various lifestyle, environmental and genetic factors, as well as by age-related and often coexisting pathologies. Magnetic resonance imaging and artificial intelligence methods have been instrumental in understanding neuroanatomical changes that occur during aging.
By Zhijian Yang, Junhao Wen, Guray Erus, Elizabeth Mamourian, Katharina Wittfeld, Duygu Tosun, Murat Bilgel, Dahyun Yi, Pamela LaMontagne, Susan R. Heckbert, Lenore J. Launer, Aristeidis Sotiras, Paul Maruff, Mallar Chakravarty, Sylvia Villeneuve, Sterling Johnson, Luigi Ferrucci, Yong Fan, Mohamad Habes, Nikolaos Koutsouleris, Susan M. Resnick, Haochang Shou, Ilya M. Nasrallah
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Nature
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The genetic architecture of biological age in nine human organ systems - Nature Aging
Abstract Investigating the genetic underpinnings of human aging is essential for unraveling the etiology of and developing actionable therapies for chronic diseases. Here, we characterize the genetic architecture of the biological age gap (BAG; the difference between machine learning-predicted age and chronological age) across nine human organ systems in 377,028 participants of European ancestry from the UK Biobank.
MUTATE: A Human Genetic Atlas of Multi-organ AI Endophenotypes using GWAS Summary Statistics
The authors have declared no competing interest. NA I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained. Yes The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below: We only used GWAS summary statistics, not individual data, from UK Biobank, FinnGen, and PGC. Therefore, they are all publicly available.
Adaptive robust structure exploration for complex systems based on model configuration and fusion
Adaptive robust structure exploration for complex systems based on model configuration and fusion 1Computer Science and Technology Post-Doctoral Station, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China 2Hengda Fuji Elevator Co. Ltd., Huzhou, China 3Chongqing Key Laboratory for Intelligent Perception and Blockchain Technology, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China DOI 10.7717/peerj-cs.1983 Academic Editor Valentina Emilia Balas Subject Areas Algorithms and Analysis of...
The genetic architecture of multimodal human brain age - Nature Communications
Abstract The complex biological mechanisms underlying human brain aging remain incompletely understood. This study investigated the genetic architecture of three brain age gaps (BAG) derived from gray matter volume (GM-BAG), white matter microstructure (WM-BAG), and functional connectivity (FC-BAG). We identified sixteen genomic loci that reached genome-wide significance (P-value < 5×10−8).
Gene-SGAN: discovering disease subtypes with imaging and genetic signatures via multi-view weakly-supervised deep clustering - Nature Communications
Abstract Disease heterogeneity has been a critical challenge for precision diagnosis and treatment, especially in neurologic and neuropsychiatric diseases. Many diseases can display multiple distinct brain phenotypes across individuals, potentially reflecting disease subtypes that can be captured using MRI and machine learning methods. However, biological interpretability and treatment relevance are limited if the derived subtypes are not associated with genetic drivers or susceptibility factors.
A Residual Middle Triassic Oceanic Island-Seamount in the Maoershan Area, Northwest Tibet: Implications for the Evolution of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean
All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.
Everyday language input and production in 1,001 children from six continents | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Everyday language input and production in 1,001 children from six continents Elika Bergelson https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2742-4797 elika_bergelson@fas.harvard.edu, Melanie Soderstrom https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3212-5775, Iris-Corinna Schwarz https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8036-516X, +9 , Caroline F. Rowland https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8675-8669, Nairán Ramírez-Esparza, Lisa R.
Genetic, Clinical Underpinnings of Brain Change Along Two Neuroanatomical Dimensions of Clinically-defined Alzheimer's Disease
Abstract AD is associated with heterogeneous atrophy patterns. We employed a semi supervised clustering technique known as SurrealGAN, through which we identified two dominant dimensions of brain atrophy in symptomatic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD patients: the diffuse AD (R1) dimension shows widespread brain atrophy, and the MTL-AD (R2) dimension displays focal medial temporal lobe (MTL) atrophy.
The Genetic Architecture of Multimodal Human Brain Age
Abstract The complex biological mechanisms underlying human brain aging remain incompletely understood, involving multiple body organs and chronic diseases. In this study, we used multimodal magnetic resonance imaging and artificial intelligence to examine the genetic architecture of the brain age gap (BAG) derived from gray matter volume (GM-BAG, N=31,557 European ancestry), white matter microstructure (WM-BAG, N=31,674), and functional connectivity (FC-BAG, N=32,017).
Highly Activated Oxygen Redox Enabling Large-capacity Li-rich Layered Manganese-Based Oxide Cathode
Highly Activated Oxygen Redox Enabling Large-capacity Li-rich Layered Manganese-Based Oxide Cathode Feng Lin, Junhao Wen, Huali Zhu, Yu Tang, Zihua Li, Tao Li, Yanxia Wang and Zhaoyong Chen Abstract The Li-rich Mn-based layered materials are considered as the most promising next-generation high-energy-density cathode materials due to its high capacity, but their large irreversible capacity loss and severe voltage attenuation hinder its practical application.
Psychosis brain subtypes validated in first-episode cohorts and related to illness remission: results from the PHENOM consortium - Molecular Psychiatry
Abstract Using machine learning, we recently decomposed the neuroanatomical heterogeneity of established schizophrenia to discover two volumetric subgroups—a ‘lower brain volume’ subgroup (SG1) and an ‘higher striatal volume’ subgroup (SG2) with otherwise normal brain structure.
The Genetic Heterogeneity of Multimodal Human Brain Age
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Automated Classification of Resting-State fMRI ICA Components Using a Deep Siamese Network
Introduction Examining the human brain as an integrative network of functionally interacting brain regions can provide new insights about large-scale neuronal communication in the human brain. It also provides a platform to examine how functional connectivity and information integration relates to human behavior and how this organization may be altered in neurodegenerative diseases.
Characterizing Heterogeneity in Neuroimaging, Cognition, Clinical Symptoms, and Genetics Among Patients With Late-Life Depression
Characterizing Heterogeneity in Neuroimaging, Cognition, Clinical Symptoms, and Genetics Among Patients With Late-Life Depression | Dementia and Cognitive Impairment | JAMA Psychiatry | JAMA Network [Skip to Navigation] Figure 1. Distinct Structural Patterns in Dimensions 1 and 2 Effect size maps were identified in dimension 1 and dimension 2 compared with control individuals, respectively.
Multi-scale semi-supervised clustering of brain images: deriving disease subtypes
New Results Junhao WEN, Erdem Varol, Aristeidis Sotiras, Zhijian Yang, Ganesh B. Chand, Guray Erus, Haochang Shou, Gyujoon Hwang, Christos Davatzikos doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.19.440501 Abstract Disease heterogeneity is a significant obstacle to understanding pathological processes and delivering precision diagnostics and treatment. Clustering methods have gained popularity for stratifying patients into subpopulations of brain diseases using imaging data.
Neurite density is reduced in the presymptomatic phase of C9orf72 disease
Objective To assess the added value of neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) compared with conventional diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and anatomical MRI to detect changes in presymptomatic carriers of chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72) mutation.
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