Kathleen Stephenson

1 Introduction Self-advocacy, the expression of one's interests, needs, and goals at work, is essential for career advancement (Lent and Brown 2013; Moturu and Lent 2023). A dominant assumption holds that women self-advocate less than men because self-advocacy involves visible, agentic actions that are stereotypically masculine, which conflicts with communal expectations of women, who risk social penalty for engaging in it (Billing 2011; Eagly 1987; Eagly and Karau 2002; Kelan 2010).

Ayuda Buscar en la ayuda Buscar en la ayuda ‘If they can lead, I can too’: Supervisors, social comparisons and women’s leadership aspiration. Autores: Vedika Lal, Janneke K. Oostrom, Kathleen A. Stephenson, Svetlana N. Khapova Localización: International Journal of Social Psychology, Revista de Psicología Social, ISSN-e 1579-3680, ISSN 0213-4748, Vol. 41, Nº 1, 2026, págs.

The organizational practice of delivering negative feedback is essential for individual learning (Van Dijk and Kluger 2011; Xing et al. 2023), performance (Xing et al. 2021), and creativity (Kim and Kim 2020). However, organizations face a persistent challenge: Although negative feedback is widely recognized as a critical practice, individuals often refrain from providing it, even when they acknowledge its importance.