Mengying Xing

Keywords cuproptosis hypoxia hypoxia inducible factor-1α lipoylation solid tumors Introduction Copper plays a crucial role as a fundamental metallic element within the human body, acting as a cofactor for enzymes involved in critical functions such as mitochondrial respiration, oxidation-reduction reactions, and biomolecule synthesis.1,2 While earlier investigations have shown that copper can induce cell death, the precise mechanisms behind copper-triggered cell demise remain controversial.3...

1 Introduction PDAC is a highly aggressive and refractory disease with a poor 5-year survival.[1] According to the Global Cancer Statistics 2020, a total of 495773 new cases and 466003 deaths were reported, ranking PDAC the 14th in incidence and 7th in mortality (4.7% of all cancer-caused deaths) globally.[2] PDAC may arise from multiple triggers, including tobacco smoking, diabetes mellitus, obesity, dietary factors, alcohol abuse, ethnicity, family history, and genetic factors,[3, 4] but...