On 27 September 2024, Rwanda triggered international alarms when the country announced its first confirmed case of Marburg virus disease (MVD), a severe hemorrhagic fever similar to Ebola, with a case fatality rate as high as 88%. By 3 October, the number of confirmed cases had risen to 36, with over 70% occurring among healthcare workers, and 11 fatalities reported across 7 of Rwanda’s 30 districts.