Muhammad Raza
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Articles by Muhammad Raza
VS Code 1.144: Cloud Sessions, Copilot Fusion, Image Generation, and More (A Friendly Guide)
You start an agent task, close your laptop, and the session stops with it. We've all been there. š VS Code 1.144 (released October 28, 2026) is built around fixing that kind of friction. It makes agent work keep going across environments, helps you pick the right model, and gives you more control over what agents change. So what actually changed, and what's worth trying first? Let's walk through it. What Is VS Code 1.144?
Innovation pays: but only with good institutions? Insights from regional data
ABSTRACT This research examines how regional institutional quality (RIQ) influences the relationship between innovation and firm productivity. We used World Bank Enterprise Survey data from selected SAARC economies over the period 2005–2024. A modified CDM framework is employed to study the relationship between R&D, innovation, and productivity, with RIQ included in all stages to capture its influence. Results show that product and process innovations are the key determinants of firm productivity.
What Is a Serverless Backend? A Simple Explanation, Example, and Starter Server š
You build a small app. It works great on your laptop. Then someone asks, "Cool, where is it hosted?" and suddenly you're reading about servers, ports, uptime, and updates when you just wanted to ship a feature. š That's the moment many developers first hear about a serverless backend. The name sounds like magic, as if the servers vanished. They didn't. So what does serverless actually mean, and how can you build a small one today? Let's find out. š What Is a Serverless Backend?
Correlation of C Reactive protein with acute kidney injury after coronary artery bypass grafting.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.29309/TPMJ/2026.33.10.10104 Keywords: Acute Kidney Injury, Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery, C-reactive Protein, CRP, Serum Creatinine
Forecast-Aware Resilient Re-clustering Protocol for Wildfire-Prone WSNs
Abu Ali, Hamzeh Ali Ahmad, Ever, Enver, Kizilkaya, Burak ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7429-7527, Khan, Muhammad Toaha Raza and Yazici, Adnan (2026) Forecast-Aware Resilient Re-clustering Protocol for Wildfire-Prone WSNs. In: IEEE 23rd International Conference on Smart Communities: Improving Quality of Life Using AI, Robotics and IoT (IEEE HONET 2026), Yeniboğaziçi, Türkiye, 1–3 December 2026, (Accepted for Publication) Text 396601.pdf - Accepted Version Available under License Creative...
When the State owes the taxpayer: a question of trust
Every September, as the annual income tax return is due for filing, a friend calls me. Like many taxpayers, he thinks about income tax only once a year, when his return must be filed. His questions are usually simple, though the answers often lead to larger issues. This year, he asked about section 7E of the Income Tax Ordinance. For readers unfamiliar with tax law, Section 7E was introduced in 2022 as a federal income tax linked to certain immovable properties held by resident persons.
AI-driven consistency-aware early warning framework for smart grid stability monitoring
Abstract The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources and distributed generation has made modern power grids more dynamic and more vulnerable to instability. This increased operational uncertainty makes timely stability monitoring essential for reliable grid operation. Most existing studies emphasize either predictive accuracy or classification performance. These methods cannot be used as early-warning systems to detect grid instability.
Nanotechnology in Agriculture: Mitigating Salinity Stress to Enhance Plant Growth and Productivity
This version is not peer-reviewed. You are already at the latest version Dehydration, high salt concentrations and extreme high or low temperatures are just a few of the environmental issues that inhibit plant growth and development. The most significant issue facing agriculture globally is salinity. The amount of land that can be cultivated on Earth is greatly influenced by salinity. In plants, it interacts with osmotic pressure, ionic levels, and the effects of oxidative stress.
Nrf2–Keap1 Axis Modulation by Phytofabricated Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Lineage Bias
1 Introduction Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult cells that can self-renew and differentiate into various mesenchymal cell types, such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. MSCs were originally identified in bone marrow, but are now also isolated from adipose tissue, dental pulp, and umbilical cord tissue, among other sources.
Evaluate Diagnostic Efficacy of Serum C-Reactive Protein Levels as a Marker for Predicting Acute Appendicitis.
Abstract Background: Acute appendicitis is one of the most frequently encountered surgical emergencies, but the diagnosis can continue to be difficult due to variable clinical presentations and the inability to rely on any single laboratory test. The C-reactive protein (CRP) is an easily obtained and inexpensive inflammatory marker that could help identify patients with acute appendicitis.
Affiliations & Notes 1Department of Infection Prevention Control, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs (MNGHA), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 2King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 3King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 4Department of Psychology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia Article Info Publication History: Received June 1, 2026; Accepted June 5, 2026; Published online August 26, 2026...
DDIAS shields single-stranded DNA in mitosis and promotes vertebrate brain development
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ArticleOnline nowOpen access Affiliations & Notes 1Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark 2Center for Chromosome Stability, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark 3Center for Gene Expression, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark 4Department of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the) 5Genome Damage and...
By Kaima Tsukada, Liudmyla Lototska, Aya Tsukada, Menachem V.K. Sarusie, Ipek Ilgin Gönenç, Charlotte Sherlaw-Sturrock, Manil Suresh Kanade, Matous Palek, Antony Oliver, Samuel Jones, Satpal S Jhujh, Julius Bannister, Asmat Ali, Muhammad Raza, Mathias Toft, Zafar Iqbal, Ambrin Fatima, Thomas Miller, Lars Larsen, Grant Stewart, Fena Ochs, Andrew N. Blackford
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Cell Press
Verified
Engineering Cobalt-Based Thin Films for Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis
1 Introduction Thin films are one of the cornerstones of contemporary materials science, providing a platform for nanoscale-structured materials with precise engineering capabilities. Thin films have become a necessity in a broad range of technological fields due to their ability to tailor physical and chemical properties [1, 2]. Among various applications, their implementation in catalytic systems, and most notably in heterogeneous catalysis, has raised considerable interest [3-7].
Private affluence, public poverty—II
How weak public services are reshaping Pakistan’s social contract There is a parallel. The State borrows because revenue cannot meet commitments. Families borrow because income cannot meet essential needs. The State is trapped by public debt; citizens are trapped by private debt. The two are connected. When debt servicing consumes a large share of revenue, less remains for schools and hospitals. As those services weaken, families are pushed toward private options and toward borrowing.
Private affluence, public poverty—I
How weak public services are reshaping Pakistan’s social contract I have recently been reading Wolfgang Streeck’s ‘How will capitalism end? Essays on a failing system’. I have not yet finished the book, so this is not a review. It is a reflection on ideas that stayed with me, and on how closely they relate to changes I have witnessed in Pakistan over time. My reading is also shaped by my work as a tax professional.
Why humanity needs Islam: natural and scientific perspectives
Islam presents itself as a complete way of life that addresses both the physical and spiritual dimensions of human existence. Islam also prohibits intoxicants and recreational drugs, protecting individuals and families from addiction and many associated physical, psychological, and social harms. Islam answers these questions by teaching that human beings were created to worship Allah, serve humanity, establish justice, and prepare for eternal life.
AgentJr — The AI Junior Developer That Manages Your Entire Freelance Business While You Sleep
Most "AI developer tools" do one thing: write code. AgentJr does everything a real junior developer does. Code. Clients. Communication. Deployment. Testing. Invoices. Social media. All of it. Automatically. While you sleep. The Real Problem With AI Coding Tools Today Claude Code writes code. Devin writes code. Copilot writes code. But writing code is maybe 40% of what a freelance developer actually does. The other 60%? Talking to clients. Understanding what they actually want. Managing git properly.
Coronary artery stenosis segmentation using U-Net architecture with customised loss function
Abstract The disorders that affect our heart and blood vessels are cardiovascular disorders, and they are the leading cause of death worldwide. A significant disorder among these is coronary artery stenosis. Stenosis detection is a time-consuming process that requires an expert cardiologist and is also prone to human error. A fully automated system can handle all these challenges.
NestJS: The Backend Framework That Makes Node.js Feel Grown-Up š
If you have ever tried to build a large Node.js backend and thought, "Why does this feel like I'm making it up as I go?" ā you are not alone. Express is powerful. Fastify is fast. But neither one tells you how to structure your project. You end up inventing your own patterns, copying folder structures from tutorials, and praying nothing breaks when the project grows. That is exactly the problem NestJS was built to solve. And it is solving it really well.
MongoDB Compass: The Complete Zero-to-Hero Guide for Developers š§
So you've heard about MongoDB. Maybe you've even used it. But every time you open the terminal and start typing db.collection.find({}), something feels off. You're not sure if your query is right. You can't see the shape of your data. And debugging? That's just staring at walls of JSON and hoping for the best. There's a better way. MongoDB Compass is the free, official GUI tool for MongoDB ā and it changes everything about how you explore, query, and manage your database.
Carbon nanotubes based nano-materials against Acanthamoeba castellanii
Chan, Kit-Xun, Tan, Eunice Chien-Huei, Jabri, Tooba, Talha, Maria, Shah, Muhammad Raza, Awan, Asia Naz, Chiau Ming, Long, Anwar, Ayaz and Ong, Seng-Kai (2026) Carbon nanotubes based nano-materials against Acanthamoeba castellanii. In: 10th Brunei International Conference on Engineering and Technology 2025 (BICET 2025), Brunei, 20-22 Oct 2025, pp. 624-629. (doi: 10.1049/icp.2026.1077) Full text not currently available from Enlighten.
Exact solutions of nonlinear thermodynamic wave patterns in graphene sheets for advanced material applications
Abstract Graphene has emerged as a highly attractive nanomaterial, characterized by its distinctive thermodynamic, electrical, and mechanical features. These attributes render it ideal for a wide array of purposes across materials research, storing energy, computing, filtering water, and medication. In this study, we investigate the nonlinear thermophoretic wrinkle motion equation describing wave propagation and thermal-driven deformation in graphene sheets.
Vehicle Autonomy to Ecosystem Intelligence: A Systematic Review of Dynamic Vision Architectures in Surface Mining Operations
This version is not peer-reviewed. Nana Yaa Damtewaa Anti * ,Samuel Frimpong ,Muhammad Azeem Raza Nana Yaa Damtewaa Anti * ,Samuel Frimpong ,Muhammad Azeem Raza You are already at the latest version Autonomous Haulage Systems (AHS) have significantly transformed surface mining operations by improving safety, productivity, and operational consistency. Currently, implementations predominantly rely on vehicle-centric perception architectures.
Comparison between open and laparoscopic needle repair in pediatric inguinal hernia in terms of operating time and complications.
Abstract Objective: To compare between open hernia repair and needle-assisted laparoscopic repair in pediatric patients with inguinal hernia in term of operative time and postoperative wound infection. Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Setting: Department of Surgery, Independent University Hospital, Faisalabad. Period: March 2024 to March 2026.
Pakistan’s tax challenge: four conversations, one problem—III
Coming budget and the new policy architecture This year’s budget will also be watched for another reason. It is expected to be the first budget after the tax policy function has been shifted away from the FBR’s operational structure and placed under the Tax Policy Office in the Ministry of Finance. This separation is important in principle. Tax policy and tax administration are not the same thing.
Pakistan’s tax challenge: four conversations, one problem—II
Section 7E of the Income Tax Ordinance, 2001, which was introduced in 2022 taxed deemed income from certain immovable property and thus commonly referred to as an asset-based tax, has been declared ultra vires by the Federal Constitutional Court of Pakistan. Separately, there are reports that CVT on foreign assets may be withdrawn in the coming budget. Taken together, these developments may suggest a retreat from certain forms of asset-based taxation. This requires a balanced response.
Pakistan’s tax challenge: four conversations, one problem
A few days after speaking at a tax workshop in Karachi, I found myself having four very different conversations about Pakistan’s tax system. The first was with a salaried taxpayer whose income is taxed before it reaches his bank account. The second was with a documented businessperson who felt that being in the system meant being permanently available for notices, reconciliations, audits and explanations. The third was with a smaller operator.
Reduction Analysis and Solitary Wave Solutions of the (2+1)-D Kadomtsev-Petviashvili-Benjamin-Bona-Mahony Equation
In this study, the Lie symmetries of the (2 + 1)-D Kadomtsev-Petviashvili-BenjaminBona-Mahony equation, which is considerable extension of the KP equation with applications in water waves, fluid dynamics, nonlinear optics, and mathematical physics were investigated. This study has also focused on the exact solutions of this model. We systematically identify the infinitesimal generators and obtain symmetry reductions that convert the equation into lower-dimensional forms using Lie group analysis.
Galactosylation of Cosmetic Preservatives to Reduce Skin Permeation and Cytotoxicity
You are already at the latest version Cosmetic preservatives should have reduced percutaneous absorption to lower the risk of systemic exposure and skin irritation.
Mo1583 THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF FIRST-LINE VEDOLIZUMAB COMPARED TO INFLIXIMAB IN BIOLOGIC-NAÏVE INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE PATIENTS: A META-ANALYSIS
Also available on ScienceDirect
How to Build a Drag-and-Drop File Dropzone in React & Next.js (With Tailwind CSS) — Line by Line
Ever tried to upload a file on a website and the experience felt like dragging a suitcase up a broken escalator? 😅 A clunky <input type="file"> button just doesn't cut it anymore. Users expect a smooth, modern drag-and-drop experience — and as a developer, you should know how to build one. In this post, we're going to build a fully functional, reusable Dropzone component in React (works in Next.js too) styled beautifully with Tailwind CSS.
pnpm vs npm vs yarn: Which Package Manager Should You Actually Use in 2026?
You've been there. You clone a new repo, hit npm install, and watch the cursor blink. And blink. And blink. Meanwhile, your node_modules folder quietly becomes the heaviest object in the known universe. Package managers are one of those tools developers use every single day ā yet most of us just pick one and never look back. That's fine, until you're debugging a phantom dependency, waiting forever for CI to finish, or discovering your disk has 40 copies of lodash sitting around doing nothing useful.
VS Code Tips and Tricks That Will Seriously Boost Your Developer Experience
You open VS Code, stare at your editor, and start typing. Same workflow, same shortcuts, same frustration when something takes longer than it should. Sound familiar? š VS Code is probably the most popular code editor on the planet right now ā and for good reason. It's fast, flexible, and packed with features. But most developers only use maybe 20% of what it actually offers. The other 80%? It's just sitting there, waiting to save you hours every week.
From BSOD to Dev Workstation: How I Rebuilt My PC the Right Way (And Learned a Ton Doing It)
You know that feeling when your computer is stuck in a loop, crashing over and over, and you're sitting there thinking "why does this exist"? š¤ Yeah. That was me. Blue screen. Reboot. Blue screen. Reboot. A cycle of pure suffering. But here's the thing ā that disaster turned into one of the best learning experiences I've had as a developer. I went from crying over a broken machine to understanding system architecture, disk management, and package management like a proper engineer.
Intersection Observer in JavaScript: Detect When Elements Enter the Screen (Without Breaking a Sweat)
Ever built a webpage and thought, "Wouldn't it be cool if this animation only triggered when the user actually scrolls to it?" Or maybe you've seen lazy-loaded images on big websites and wondered how they know exactly when to load? š¤ That magic has a name: the Intersection Observer API. If you've ever tried to detect element visibility using scroll events and getBoundingClientRect(), you already know the pain.
How to Build a Smooth Accordion with Animation Using Tailwind CSS (Works with React, Next.js & Pure HTML)
The "Why Is This Thing Jumping Around?" Problem ๐ You've seen it happen. You build a simple show/hide toggle, open it in the browser, and the content just snaps into existence like it teleported. No grace. No style. Just โ bam. There it is. That's the accordion without animation. And honestly? It looks like a website from 2009. In this post, we're going to fix that.
PlantCLR: contrastive self-supervised pretraining for generalizable plant disease detection
Abstract Deep learning has improved automated plant disease detection by increasing recognition accuracy and robustness compared with traditional vision-based methods. Self-supervised learning (SSL) further reduces dependence on manual labels, but its transferability across heterogeneous agricultural datasets remains insufficiently characterized.
Top 10 CSS Tips and Tricks Every Developer Should Know in 2026 šØ
1. šÆ Stop Fighting CSS ā Start Using It Let me be honest with you. We've all been there ā staring at a div that refuses to center, copy-pasting Stack Overflow answers at midnight, and muttering things that shall not be repeated. CSS has a reputation for being "simple but frustrating," like a GPS that gives you directions after you've missed the turn. But here's the thing ā CSS in 2026 is genuinely exciting. Like, legitimately powerful.
10 Free JavaScript Animation Libraries That'll Make Your Website Look Like a Pixar Film ð¬
Your Website Is Boring. Let's Fix That. Be honest â have you ever landed on a website and thought, "Wow, this is alive"? The buttons bounce. The text slides in like it owns the place. The scroll feels like magic. And then you look at your own project⦠and it just sits there. Static. Lifeless. Like a PowerPoint from 2009. That's where JavaScript animation libraries come in. And the best part? You don't need to pay a dime for most of them.
Tailwind CSS vs Bootstrap - Why Developers Are Ditching Bootstrap and Never Looking Back π¨
The CSS Framework War Nobody Asked For (But Everyone Has Opinions About) Let's be real β picking a CSS framework feels like choosing your starter PokΓ©mon. You commit, you invest time, and then someone on Twitter tells you that you made the wrong choice. For years, Bootstrap was the framework. You wanted a navbar? Bootstrap. A modal? Bootstrap. A button that looked like it belonged on a government website from 2013? Still Bootstrap. It worked, and it worked reliably.
VS Code 1.113 Just Dropped ā And It's Quietly Changing How Developers Work
Wait, Another VS Code Update Already? š¤ You open VS Code on a Tuesday morning, coffee in hand, ready to finally fix that bug you've been avoiding ā and boom, there's an update notification. Again. Most developers click "Update Later" and move on. But here's the thing: sometimes an update isn't just a bug fix. Sometimes it genuinely changes how you work. VS Code 1.113 is one of those updates.
What Is CI/CD? Continuous Integration & Continuous Delivery Explained
CI/CD stands for Continuous Integration and Continuous Delivery—a practice that introduces automation and continuous monitoring across the entire software development lifecycle (SDLC). CI handles code integration, building, and testing; CD automates deployment to production. Together, they form a unified pipeline that accelerates software delivery without sacrificing quality. Flexibility, speed, and quality are the core pillars of modern software development.
A Review on Artificial Intelligence Based Wind Energy Forecasting Techniques
Handling Editor: S.A.A. Shah S., N. H.Mirjat, M. A.Raza, N.Arshad, and M. A.Uqaili. 2026. “A Review on Artificial Intelligence Based Wind Energy Forecasting Techniques.” Geological Journal1–24. Ali, https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.70267. Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data Availability Statement The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to privacy or ethical restrictions.
DevOps Metrics for Optimizing CI/CD Pipelines
DevOps CI/CD metrics fall into three categories: automation performance, speed, and quality. Monitoring these metrics allows organizations to measure pipeline maturity, identify bottlenecks, and deliver high-quality software releases consistently and faster than their competition. This article covers the key DevOps CI/CD metrics in each category and how to use them to optimize pipeline performance. (This article is part of our DevOps Guide.
I Built a Framework That Makes AI Ask Questions Before Writing Any Code
The Moment I Got Frustrated I asked AI to build me an authentication system. 90 seconds later — 40 files generated. 3 months later — I had no idea how any of it worked. I couldn't debug it. I couldn't extend it. I was completely dependent on AI forever. Sound familiar? The Real Problem AI coding tools are optimized for one thing: speed. You say "add authentication" AI immediately starts writing code. But that's NOT how senior developers work.
What is MCP and How to Use It in VS Code (With a Simple Example)
๐ Your AI Tools Are Finally Getting a Superpower Okay, real talk โ how many times have you wished your AI assistant could just do stuff instead of only telling you stuff? Like, you're in the middle of coding, you ask your AI tool a question, and it gives you a great answer โ but you still have to manually open the browser, copy the result, paste it into your editor, run the command yourselfโฆ You know the drill.
Why Paper and Pen Still Matter in a World Full of Tech ๐๏ธ
Your Phone Is Dead. Now What? Picture this: you're in a meeting, your laptop battery dies, your phone is at 2%, and someone asks you to jot down a key decision. What do you reach for? A notebook. And a pen. Funny, right? Here we are โ living in an era of AI, cloud storage, smart devices, and voice-to-text โ and a 3,000-year-old technology still saves the day. The truth is, paper and pen haven't just survived the digital revolution. They've quietly thrived in it.
Vibe Coding Pros and Cons: Is It the Future of Dev or Just Hype? š¤
Imagine writing code not by memorizing syntax or Stack Overflow-ing every other line ā but by just describing what you want in plain English and watching it come to life. Sounds like a dream, right? Welcome to vibe coding ā one of the most talked-about trends in the developer world right now. Whether you've already tried it or you're still wondering "wait, is this actually a thing?", you're in the right place.
Run an Open Source AI Model Locally on Your PC β No Internet Required (Using LLaMA) π¦
Imagine this: you're on a train, no Wi-Fi, deadline creeping up, and you desperately need an AI assistant to help you debug code or draft a quick email. You open ChatGPTβ¦ and stare at the "No connection" screen. π© Been there? Yeah, most of us have. Here's the good news β you don't need the internet to use AI anymore.
Awareness of Diabetic Retinopathy Among Known Diabetics
Specialty Please choose I'm not a medical professional. Allergy and Immunology Anatomy Anesthesiology Biostatistics Cardiac/Thoracic/Vascular Surgery Cardiology Critical Care Dentistry Dermatology Diabetes and Endocrinology Emergency Medicine Epidemiology and Public Health Family Medicine Forensic Medicine Gastroenterology General Practice Genetics Geriatrics Health Policy Hematology HIV/AIDS Hospital-based Medicine I'm not a medical professional.
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