Keywords Arteriovenous fistula hemodialysis vascular access AVF maturation radiocephalic AVF 1 Introduction Radiocephalic arteriovenous fistulas (RCAVFs) remain the vascular access of choice for dialysis patients [1,2]. These RCAVFs provide durable autologous access with limited occurrence of excessively high flow [1,2], hemodialysis-access induced ischemia [3], or aneurysm formation [4].