Research ArticleVolume 111101893Open access aCollege of Nursing, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg R3T 2N2, Canada bBluedrop ISM, Halifax, NS B3S 1N2, Canada Publication History: Published online January 13, 2026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecns.2025.101893 External LinkAlso available on ScienceDirect External Link Copyright: Crown Copyright © 2025 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning.