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Submitted: 15 February 2026 You are already at the latest version Tumor-secreted proteins represent valuable molecular targets for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Moesin (Msn) has been reported to be secreted into the tumor microenviron-ment (TME) and to promote malignant progression; however, its extracellular regula-tory mechanisms remain poorly understood.

Abstract Insulin promotes HepG2 cell proliferation by inducing phosphorylation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase E1α (PDHA1) subunit at Ser293, a mechanism distinct from normal liver tissue. This study investigates how phosphorylated PDHA1 drives hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation. We identified eukaryotic elongation factor-1γ (eEF-1γ) as a key binding protein interacting with p-PDHA1 in response to insulin, facilitating their nuclear translocation.

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