Peter Walter
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Articles by Peter Walter
Nonlinear reversal of photoexcitation on the attosecond time scale improves ultrafast X-ray diffraction images
Abstract The complex refractive index of a material governs its light-matter interactions, with intense light fields enabling tailored nonlinear optical responses. In the X-ray regime, rapid photoionization limits the potential of nonlinear techniques by inducing irreversible electronic damage. Here we demonstrate that intense, sub-femtosecond X-ray pulses, shorter than typical Auger decay times, can partially reverse photoexcitation via stimulated emission near atomic resonances.
Attosecond response of molecules to impulsive ionization
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Abstract When matter interacts with energetic radiation it can undergo sudden, or impulsive, ionization. This process can drive chemical change and occurs widely in space and planetary atmospheres, yet its comprehensive description challenges our current theoretical and computational capabilities as it requires advanced treatment of electron correlation and nonadiabatic dynamics beyond the Born–Oppenheimer approximation.
By Taran Driver, Zhaoheng Guo, Gilbert Grell, Marco Ruberti, Jordan T. O’Neal, Sandra Beauvarlet, David Cesar, Joseph P. Duris, Douglas Garratt, Kirk A. Larsen, Siqi Li, Gregory A. McCracken, Daniel Tuthill, Zifan Wang, Nora Berrah, Christoph Bostedt, Kurtis Borne, Xinxin Cheng, Louis F. DiMauro, Gilles Doumy, Paris Franz, Xiang Li, Ming-Fu Lin, Razib Obaid, Antonio Picon, River R. Robles, Daniel Rolles, Artem Rudenko, Daniel S. Slaughter, Emily Thierstein, Kiyoshi Ueda, Enliang Wang, Anna Wang, Thorsten Weber, Thomas Wolf, Linda Young, Zhen Zhang, Vitali Averbukh, Oliver Gessner, Philip H. Bucksbaum, Matthias Kling, Alicia Palacios, Fernando Eguren Martin, Fernando Ramos Martín, Jon P. Marangos, Peter Walter, Agostino Marinelli, James Cryan, Erik Isele, Andrei Kamalov, Moniruzzaman Shaikh, Nicholas S. Sudar
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Nature
Verified
Distinct cell type–specific mechanisms underlie cognitive dysfunction during persistent integrated stress response activation
H. P. Harding et al., An integrated stress response regulates amino acid metabolism and resistance to oxidative stress. Mol. Cell 11, 619–633 (2003). M. Costa-Mattioli, P. Walter, The integrated stress response: From mechanism to disease. Science 368, eaat5314 (2020). T. E. Dever, A. C. Dar, F. Sicheri, “The eIF2alpha kinases” in Translational Control in Biology and Medicine, M. B. Mathews, N. Sonenberg, J. W. B. Hershey, Eds. (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 2007), pp. 319–345. N.
Allosteric disordering of eIF2B regulates the integrated stress response
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Abstract The ternary complex, composed of eIF2, GTP and initiator methionyl-tRNA, delivers the first amino acid to the ribosome to initiate protein synthesis. Eukaryotic initiation factor 2B (eIF2B) catalyzes GDP to GTP exchange on eIF2, thereby setting the ternary complex level. Stress-induced phosphorylation converts eIF2 from the substrate of eIF2B into an inhibitor (eIF2-P). This conversion reduces ternary complex levels and induces the integrated stress response (ISR).
By Udit Dalwadi, Advait Subramanian, Aniliese Deal, Julia Conrad, Morgane Boone, Pascal F. Egea, Lingjie He, Nimit Jain, Yuwei Liu, Lucas C. Reineke, Kazuki Saito, Nathaniel Talledge, Hannah Toutkoushian, Francesca Zappa, Diego Acosta-Alvear, Christopher P. Arthur, Jodi Nunnari, Susan Marqusee, Rosalie E. Lawrence, Mauro Costa-Mattioli, James Crawford, Frank Van Kuppeveld, Tristan I. Croll, Peter Walter, Adam Frost, Tamara Nadjsombati, Meera Venkatesh, D. John Lee, Maxence Le Vasseur, Raoul J. de Groot
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Nature
Verified
Integrated stress response couples mitochondrial fitness with lineage reprogramming to drive cancer evolution
Abstract Tumour progression towards dedifferentiated cell clusters plays a critical role in intratumour heterogeneity and therapy resistance. While tumour microenvironmental stress has been implicated, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly defined. Using mouse models of lung adenocarcinoma, we demonstrate that activation of the integrated stress response (ISR)—marked by phosphorylation of eIF2 (p-eIF2) and ATF4 induction—drives tumour heterogeneity.
Improving Ecommerce Capabilities to Grow Profitability for a Lifestyle Retailer
A multichannel lifestyle retailer known for high-quality leather goods, apparel and accessories engaged L.E.K. Consulting to develop a comprehensive strategy aimed at driving profitable growth across its brick-and-mortar and ecommerce channels. With an upcoming board meeting, the client sought our support to establish a clear view of its current business performance and value drivers, analyze consumer data to guide decision-making and define actionable growth strategies.
3432 E 57th Pl, Tulsa, OK 74135, US
Investment Summary Net Operating Income (NOI) minus mortgage payments. Calculation: NOI - Mortgage Payments Monthly Cash Flow -$769 Capitalization Rate is a rate of return that compares the yearly Net Operating Income (NOI) to the market value. Calculation: NOI / Market Value Cap Rate 3.3% Annual Cash Flow / Cash Invested Calculation: Annual cash flow divided by initial cash invested. Cash-on-Cash Return -10.2% Net Operating Income (NOI) divided by total debt payments.
Regenerative Agriculture Takes Root: Momentum Builds Across the Value Chain
Adoption of regenerative agriculture is accelerating, with retailers, CPG brands and growers all exploring its promise — yet unfamiliarity and infrastructure gaps remain hurdles. From boosting soil health to meeting sustainability goals, alignment across stakeholders is essential to unlock scale. Download our infographic to see how value chain players are mobilizing. Want to find out more?
Agricultural Growers Turn to Manufacturers for Crop Inputs, Expect Essentials Spending To Stay Unchanged
Responding to price pressure, growers are increasingly shifting toward buying inputs directly from manufacturers. As a result, co-ops and small retailers are seeing their share shrink as more growers change sourcing habits. Large farms increasingly drive the shift by focusing on fertilizers and crop chemicals. Ultimately, manufacturers and channels are rethinking sales strategies to adapt to evolving grower behavior.
Key Crop Input Trends for Growers Are Shifting
Agricultural growers have steadily increased their use of generic crop protection products, driven by lower cost and growing confidence in quality. At the same time, biologicals like biopesticides and biofertilizers are gaining ground, with younger and row crop growers leading adoption. Though many remain cautious, high satisfaction among users and interest in trialing suggest momentum will build across segments.
Chemical Analysis of Deep-Lung Fluid Derived from Exhaled Breath Particles
Introduction Click to copy section linkSection link copied! Breath droplets generated during reopening of transiently closed small airways enable noninvasive sampling of the deep lung epithelial lining fluid (ELF). (1) Closure of small airways is associated with fluid surface tension when their diameter reduces during deep exhalation. Subsequent inhalation breaks open the occluded channels, which constitutes a potent mechanism of breath droplet generation.
Chemical Analysis of Deep-Lung Fluid Derived from Exhaled Breath Particles
Introduction Click to copy section linkSection link copied! Breath droplets generated during reopening of transiently closed small airways enable noninvasive sampling of the deep lung epithelial lining fluid (ELF). (1) Closure of small airways is associated with fluid surface tension when their diameter reduces during deep exhalation. Subsequent inhalation breaks open the occluded channels, which constitutes a potent mechanism of breath droplet generation.
Non-linear enhancement of ultrafast X-ray diffraction through transient resonances - Nature Communications
Abstract Diffraction-before-destruction imaging with ultrashort X-ray pulses can visualize non-equilibrium processes, such as chemical reactions, with sub-femtosecond precision in the native environment. Here, a nanospecimen diffracts a single X-ray flash before it disintegrates. The sample structure can be reconstructed from the coherent diffraction image (CDI). State-of-the-art X-ray snapshots lack high spatial resolution because of weak diffraction signal.
Homeostasis control in health and disease by the unfolded protein response - Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology
Abstract Cells rely on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to fold and assemble newly synthesized transmembrane and secretory proteins — essential for cellular structure–function and for both intracellular and intercellular communication. To ensure the operative fidelity of the ER, eukaryotic cells leverage the unfolded protein response (UPR) — a stress-sensing and signalling network that maintains homeostasis by rebalancing the biosynthetic capacity of the ER according to need.
Attosecond delays in X-ray molecular ionization - Nature
Abstract The photoelectric effect is not truly instantaneous but exhibits attosecond delays that can reveal complex molecular dynamics1,2,3,4,5,6,7. Sub-femtosecond-duration light pulses provide the requisite tools to resolve the dynamics of photoionization8,9,10,11,12. Accordingly, the past decade has produced a large volume of work on photoionization delays following single-photon absorption of an extreme ultraviolet photon.
A Legionella toxin exhibits tRNA mimicry and glycosyl transferase activity to target the translation machinery and trigger a ribotoxic stress response | Nature Cell Biology
Abstract A widespread strategy employed by pathogens to establish infection is to inhibit host-cell protein synthesis. Legionella pneumophila, an intracellular bacterial pathogen and the causative organism of Legionnaires’ disease, secretes a subset of protein effectors into host cells that inhibit translation elongation. Mechanistic insights into how the bacterium targets translation elongation remain poorly defined.
Peter Walter joins IR Global as an additional member for Wecountancy
IR Global, the world’s largest exclusive network of advisory firms is delighted to introduce that Peter Walter has joined Wecountancy as an additional member. Peter joined the Zirkzee Group as a partner in 2018. He has years of experience in auditing, accounting, financial services, compliance and governance, both nationally and internationally. Peter graduated in 1998 as a chartered accountant from the Free University of Amsterdam.
Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine in the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease
1. Introduction Dry eye disease is a multifactorial ocular condition [1]. Its prevalence is estimated to be as high as 50% in adults [2]. The aqueous-deficient dry eye disease subtype includes Sjögren’s-syndrome-related dry eye disease with associated systemic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, or systemic sclerosis, and non-Sjögren’s-syndrome-related dry eye disease (Table 1) [3].
Honey-Related Treatment Strategies in Dry Eye Disease.
This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated whether honey-related treatment strategies improve the signs and symptoms of patients with dry eye disease (DED). In March 2023, the following databases were accessed for clinical trials investigating the efficacy of honey-related treatment strategies in DED: PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and EMBASE.
Honey-Related Treatment Strategies in Dry Eye Disease
3. Discussion According to the main findings of the present study, topical or systemic honey-related treatment strategies led to a significant increase in the tear breakup time and the Schirmer I test at the last follow-up compared to baseline in patients with DED. At the last follow-up, the Ocular Surface Disease Index score and corneal staining were significantly lower compared to the baseline in the honey-related treatment group.
Cytoprotective Effects of Human Platelet Lysate during the Xeno-Free Culture of Human Donor Corneas
3. Discussion In this paired culture study, we showed that 2%HPL is a suitable xeno-free supplement substitution for 2%FBS in human donor cornea organ culture. We detected no significant alterations in morphology of the CECs during the 25-day differential culture period. The ECL was significantly lower in 2%HPL vs. 2%FBS. NGS showed differences in gene expression predominantly in the DmE (1644 genes) and less in the stroma (217 genes). CSK markers were not influenced.
Longitudinal multi-omics analyses of the gut–liver axis reveals metabolic dysregulation in hepatitis C infection and cirrhosis - Nature Microbiology
Patient selection and study design Before enrolment, we calculated the sample size as follows: sample size of seven patients per group will provide the study with a statistical power of 80% at a 95% confidence level, to detect a difference of 60% in portal vein microbial product detection rate between the two groups.
Observation of site-selective chemical bond changes via ultrafast chemical shifts - Nature Communications
Abstract The concomitant motion of electrons and nuclei on the femtosecond time scale marks the fate of chemical and biological processes. Here we demonstrate the ability to initiate and track the ultrafast electron rearrangement and chemical bond breaking site-specifically in real time for the carbon monoxide diatomic molecule. We employ a local resonant x-ray pump at the oxygen atom and probe the chemical shifts of the carbon core-electron binding energy.
Systematic characterization of gene function in the photosynthetic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii - Nature Genetics
Abstract Most genes in photosynthetic organisms remain functionally uncharacterized. Here, using a barcoded mutant library of the model eukaryotic alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, we determined the phenotypes of more than 58,000 mutants under more than 121 different environmental growth conditions and chemical treatments. A total of 59% of genes are represented by at least one mutant that showed a phenotype, providing clues to the functions of thousands of genes.
Roundtable Sustainability Series: Agribusiness
Volume XXIII, Issue 17 | We recently held an in-depth conversation about sustainability’s impact on the agribusiness industry with two leaders in L.E.K. Consulting’s Agribusiness sector: Peter Walter, Managing Director and practice head, and Michael Kaufman, Principal. Excerpts from our wide-ranging discussion can be found below. How is sustainability defined in agribusiness?
Controlled Environment Agriculture: A Futuristic Fix for the Food System
A recent surge of investment and growth in indoor farming has created new opportunities in one of North America’s oldest industries. Converging trends have contributed to this recent growth, including a challenging labor supply, climate change, technology and the legalization of cannabis.
Environmental Services Outlook
The AI Dilemma: Can Society Have Its Code and Compute Too? Do We Need to Go Nuclear?
Regenerative Agriculture Spreads Its Roots
Regenerative agriculture seeks to address the global issues caused by a growing population and widespread soil degradation, which affects roughly 75% of the world’s arable land. While widespread adoption is still in its early days, interest is increasing thanks to a confluence of concerns about climate change, food security and the sustainability of modern farming.
10 Leadership Success Principles: A Roadmap
“As I have said many times, you have to have a destination. And once you have a destination, you can target creativity toward reaching it. — Sergio Zyman” Photo credit: iStock By Peter Fritz Walter 1st Principle Be Yourself In a highly labeling and imitation-prone society such as ours, as it is an entertainment culture first of all, there is very little original content. People are dulled and comforted in believing that worldwide democracy brings them more freedom of self-expression.
The integrated stress response: From mechanism to disease
Proteostasis dISRupted Despite their importance, many crucial networks for protein quality control within cells diminish with age. The resulting loss of proteostasis, the process by which the health of a cell's proteins is monitored and maintained, is associated with a wide range of age-related human diseases. Costa-Mattioli and Walter review the integrated stress response (ISR), a central signaling network that responds to proteostasis defects by tuning protein synthesis.
The integrated stress response: From mechanism to disease
Proteostasis dISRupted Despite their importance, many crucial networks for protein quality control within cells diminish with age. The resulting loss of proteostasis, the process by which the health of a cell's proteins is monitored and maintained, is associated with a wide range of age-related human diseases. Costa-Mattioli and Walter review the integrated stress response (ISR), a central signaling network that responds to proteostasis defects by tuning protein synthesis.
Impact of COVID-19 on US Agribusiness
Impact of COVID-19 on US Agribusiness What is the short-term outlook for agricultural industries?
Misfolded proteins bind and activate death receptor 5 to trigger apoptosis during unresolved endoplasmic reticulum stress
Abstract Disruption of protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) activates the unfolded protein response (UPR)—a signaling network that ultimately determines cell fate. Initially, UPR signaling aims at cytoprotection and restoration of ER homeostasis; that failing, it drives apoptotic cell death.
Quantitative microscopy reveals dynamics and fate of clustered IRE1α
Quantitative microscopy reveals dynamics and fate of clustered IRE1α Vladislav Belyy, Ngoc-Han Tran, Peter Walter Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Jan 2020, 117 (3) 1533-1542; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1915311117
The Mars1 kinase confers photoprotection through signaling in the chloroplast unfolded protein response
Abstract In response to proteotoxic stress, chloroplasts communicate with the nuclear gene expression system through a chloroplast unfolded protein response (cpUPR). We isolated Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutants that disrupt cpUPR signaling and identified a gene encoding a previously uncharacterized cytoplasmic protein kinase, termed Mars1—for mutant affected in chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signaling—as the first known component in cpUPR signal transmission.
From symbiont to parasite: the evolution of for-profit science publishing
A NEW RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SCHOLARS AND PUBLISHERS Non Solus (Latin for “not alone”) reads the banner of a woodprint adopted as a logo in 1620 by the House of Elsevier, a family of Dutch booksellers. The print shows a sturdy elm tree that supports a growing vine, which wraps around the trunk and entangles the branches (Figure 1A). The vine bears fruit, which a solemn scholar harvests with ease.
A Novel Role of Fungal Type I Myosin in Regulating Membrane Properties and Its Association with d-Amino Acid Utilization in Cryptococcus gattii
Research Article | Molecular Biology and Physiology Ami Khanal Lamichhane, H. Martin Garraffo, Hongyi Cai, Peter J. Walter, Kyung J. Kwon-Chung, Yun C. Chang James W. Kronstad, Editor DOI: 10.1128/mBio.01867-19 ABSTRACT We found a novel role of Myo5, a type I myosin (myosin-I), and its fortuitous association with d-amino acid utilization in Cryptococcus gattii. Myo5 colocalized with actin cortical patches and was required for endocytosis.
The Hamburger Coffee Man
— We all basically know or feel that we should eat a variety of food and not one food over and over again. It’s our body that tells us. Our body needs a great variety of food, it wants constant change in our nutritional habits, and I believe this is very important for good health. It feels no good to always eat the same.
10 Leadership Success Principles: A Roadmap
— 1st Principle Be Yourself In a highly labeling and imitation-prone society such as ours, as it is an entertainment culture first of all, there is very little original content. People are dulled and comforted in believing that worldwide democracy brings them more freedom of self-expression. There is self-publishing now established everywhere, and you can yell your opinions in the world, using Youtube and other free video hosting services.
Specifying Adjustable Frequency Drives for Electromagnetic Compatibility in HVAC Applications
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is the ability of electrical / electronic equipment to operate in its installation environment while neither causing nor experiencing electromagnetic interference (EMI). EMI is any interference with normal equipment operation caused by abnormal energy entering the equipment either by conduction though wiring connections or by radiated wave reception. Radiated EMI is also called radio frequency interference (RFI).
On Publishing and the Sneetches: A Wake-up Call?*
Two institutions—learned societies and scientific journals—midwifed a scientific revolution in the 17th century that still dominates our professional lives today. Learned societies like the ASCB remain relevant because they provide forums for sharing results, discussing the practice of science, and projecting our voices to the public and the policymakers.
Günter Blobel (1936-2018)
Download and print this article for your personal scholarly, research, and educational use. Buy a single issue of Science for just $15 USD.
Widespread sucralose exposure in a randomized clinical trial in healthy young adults
? 1 Supported in part by the Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences at The George Washington University and in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH. Background: Low-calorie sweeteners (LCSs) are found in many foods and beverages, but consumers may not realize their presence, and their role in appetite, weight, and health is controversial.
Financial burden and quality of life of informal caregivers of patients with wet age-related macular degeneration
Rising costs in the healthcare system mean that a balance needs to be struck between the medical options, their financial sustainability, as well as quality and equity. Consequently, scientific methods in health economics support decision-making in healthcare. The aim is to establish a relationship between the added benefit of an intervention and the scarcity of resources incurred.
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