Probiotics Research

Highlights The networks of the gut microbiome facilitate cross-feeding between microbial components that have direct effects on the host. Changes in the abundance of microorganisms or metabolites contribute to the pathogenesis of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection, inflammatory bowel diseases, metabolic diseases, and cancer.

Summary The conventional viewpoint of single-celled microbial metabolism fails to adequately depict energy flow at the systems level in host-adapted microbial communities. Emerging paradigms instead support that distinct microbiomes develop interconnected and interdependent electron transport chains that rely on cooperative production and sharing of bioenergetic machinery (i.e., directly involved in generating ATP) in the extracellular space.

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