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Articles by Robert Chang
Innovating global regulatory frameworks for generative AI in medical devices is an urgent priority
Abstract The integration of generative AI (GenAI) and large language models (LLMs) in healthcare presents both unprecedented opportunities and challenges, necessitating innovative regulatory approaches.
Prescribing Trends for Vaginal Estrogen: What Role Do Urogynecology and Reconstructive Pelvic Surgery Urologists Play?
Get full text access Log in, subscribe or purchase for full access. References 1. Te Velde, E.R. ∙ Pearson, P.L. The variability of female reproductive ageing Hum Reprod. 2002; 8:141-154 2. Mili, N. ∙ Paschou, S.A. ∙ Armeni, A. ... Genitourinary syndrome of menopause: a systematic review on prevalence and treatment Menopause. 2021; 28:706-716 3. Sarmento, A.C.A. ∙ Costa, A.P.F. ∙ Vieira-Baptista, P. ...
Leveraging Large Language Models with Sequential Prompting to Extract Eye Examination Findings from Free-Text Ophthalmology Notes
Key Words Large Language Models Named Entity Recognition Eye Examination Automated Methods AI Abbreviations and acronyms LLM (Large Language Model) NER (Named Entity Recognition) RC (Robert T.
Big Data and AI in Glaucoma
Big Data and AI in Glaucoma Robert Chang, MD Robert Chang, MD, presented during the ASCRS annual meeting in Los Angeles about the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in glaucoma. He explains how AI can help improve workflow efficiency, help educate patients about their disease, and assist doctors with patient communication.
Clinical spectrum and possible pathogenesis of progressive outer retinal necrosis
Abstract Objective Progressive outer retinal necrosis (PORN) is an alphaherpesvirus-caused panuveitis with devastating consequences for the eye. Our study aims to describe new findings in the clinical spectrum and propose a mechanism for the pathogenesis of PORN. Methods Observational, consecutive case series. Seven eyes from five patients diagnosed with PORN were enrolled. Detailed case histories, ocular examination findings and multimodal images of retina were collected.
Comparing AI-Generated Answers to Patients’ Eye Care Questions With Ophthalmologists’ Responses
Comparing AI-Generated Answers to Patients’ Eye Care Questions With Ophthalmologists’ Responses Robert T. Chang, MD; and Neda Shamie, MD Show Description + Robert T. Chang, MD, joins Neda Shamie, MD, to discuss a cross-sectional study that assessed the quality of ophthalmology advice generated by a large language model chatbot (ChatGPT, OpenAI) compared to advice written by an ophthalmologist. How did the responses stack up?
Machine Learning Assisting the Prediction of Clinical Outcomes following Nucleoplasty for Lumbar Degenerative Disc Disease
Altmetric share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite thumb_up ... Endorse textsms ... Comment Need Help? Support Find support for a specific problem in the support section of our website. Get Support Feedback Please let us know what you think of our products and services. Give Feedback Information Visit our dedicated information section to learn more about MDPI.
Glaucoma and Myopia: Diagnostic Challenges
Abstract : The rising global prevalence of myopia is a growing concern for clinicians, as it predisposes patients to severe ocular pathologies including glaucoma. High myopia can be associated with clinical features that resemble glaucomatous damage, which make an accurate glaucoma diagnosis challenging, particularly among patients with normal intraocular pressures.
Comparison of Ophthalmologist and Large Language Model Chatbot Responses to Online Patient Eye Care Questions
Key Points Question How does ophthalmology advice generated by a large language model chatbot compare with advice written by ophthalmologists? Findings In this cross-sectional study of responses to 200 eye care questions from an online advice forum, a masked panel of 8 ophthalmologist reviewers were able to discern human- from chatbot-generated responses with 61% accuracy.
Design of Low-Complexity Convolutional Neural Network Accelerator for Finger Vein Identification System
This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
America’s European Black Truffle Revolution
Article by Robert Chang, Chief Truffle Officer, American Truffle Company® Through the advancement of science, the European black truffle, sometimes also known as the Périgord black truffle, is now cultivated and produced in North America. This makes ultra-fresh black truffles available to food service professionals and chefs. Different types of truffles There are thousands of different species of truffles worldwide. Like mushrooms, truffles are part of the fungus family.
Ischemic Stroke in Patients With Asymptomatic Severe Carotid Stenosis Without Surgical Intervention-Reply
[Skip to Navigation] September 27, 2022 JAMA. 2022;328(12):1257. doi:10.1001/jama.2022.13013 Full Text In Reply In their Letter about our recent study1 of patients with asymptomatic severe carotid stenosis, Dr Sterpetti and colleagues highlight the short life expectancy of the cohort and state that only 43 patients were alive at the end of the study.
【評測】張景敦跨海賽事實測 PUMA_DEVIATE ELITE 讚：極好入手的氮氣碳板鞋 | 運動筆記
本次與品牌 #PUMA 合作，針對新款跑鞋 #DEVIATENITROELITERACER 提供個人感受，文章內容走向皆為自由意志，完全不受干涉，也就是隨便我寫，還可以順便發文，一兼兩顧！ WEEK1 初識菁英版氮氣競速跑鞋威力 「我的腳是 10 號半。」 一而再、再而三，經過我不厭其煩地呼籲，終於被聽見了。 本週二收到 PUMA 寄來的 Deviate Nitro Elite Racer ！沒錯，就是火雞女孩 Molly Seidel ， 奧運馬拉松銅牌腳下的那雙鞋！ 經過一週等待終於收到鞋款，「哇，真是好看欸！」 明明是我開箱，但旁邊的阿泥比我還興奮，當場就叫我換穿出門，「好吧，先來個下馬威，讓這雙鞋見識見識我的厲害！」 邊跑邊擺拍，畢竟才爬完審馬陣山兩天，阿泥的雙腿可說是煉鐵成鋼，整個硬梆梆。「跑起來如何啊？」 阿泥問。 「落地軟軟的，還滿舒服 ...
Incidence of Ischemic Stroke in Patients With Asymptomatic Severe Carotid Stenosis Without Surgical Intervention
Key Points Question What is the stroke rate in patients with asymptomatic severe carotid stenosis without surgical intervention? Findings This retrospective cohort study included 3737 participants with 70% to 99% asymptomatic carotid stenosis identified between 2008 and 2012 and followed-up through 2019 who did not undergo surgical intervention. The estimated rate of ipsilateral carotid-related acute ischemic stroke was 4.7% over 5 years.
Conjunctiva and Tenon's Capsule Handling in the Port Delivery System with Ranibizumab Implant Insertion Procedure: Surgical Pearls
Clinical Science Open Access Published Online:https://doi.org/10.3928/23258160-20220415-03Cited by:2 Abstract OBJECTIVES: To describe conjunctiva and Tenon's capsule handling during the Port Delivery System with ranibizumab (PDS) implant insertion procedure including up-front assessments, planning, and instrumentation, with emphasis placed on the peritomy, scleral dissection, and closure steps.
Implant Insertion Procedure of the Port Delivery System With Ranibizumab: Overview and Clinical Pearls
Clinical Science Open Access Published Online:https://doi.org/10.3928/23258160-20220408-01Cited by:1 Abstract OBJECTIVE: To describe the Port Delivery System with ranibizumab implant insertion procedure. METHODS: A surgical procedure based on the clinical trial program in patients with retinal diseases. RESULTS: An infusion line is placed in the infero-temporal quadrant; a superotemporal quadrant corneal traction suture is recommended.
Annals for Hospitalists Inpatient Notes - Another Way That Hospitalists Can Fight COVID-19
Population immunity is the surest way to control the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and save lives. Unfortunately, most areas of the United States have not succeeded in achieving vaccination levels sufficient to control the disease, despite widespread availability of effective vaccines. Both vaccine hesitancy and missed vaccination opportunities are contributing to low levels of vaccination.
American Glaucoma Society Position Paper: Information Sharing Using Established Standards Is Essential to the Future of Glaucoma Care
Soon after, the ophthalmology working group of DICOM began developing a series of standards to represent findings from our most common ocular imaging and testing devices. 4 DICOM Standards Committee Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) Supplement 91: Ophthalmic Photography Image SOP Classes. As a relatively small specialty, ophthalmology has only slowly developed standards that can be used to represent our exam findings and our in-office testing results.
Interprofessional geriatric and palliative care intervention associated with fewer hospital days
Clinical Investigation Lillian Min MD, Corresponding Author lmin@med.umich.edu orcid.org/0000-0002-4149-5092 Division of Geriatric and Palliative Care, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA Ann Arbor VA Healthcare Center, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA Ann Arbor VA Healthcare Center, Center for Clinical Management Research, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA University of Michigan Institute of...
How Airbnb Achieved Metric Consistency at Scale
Part-I: Introducing Minerva — Airbnb’s Metric Platform By: Amit Pahwa, Cristian Figueroa, Donghan Zhang, Haim Grosman, John Bodley, Jonathan Parks, Maggie Zhu, Philip Weiss, Robert Chang, Shao Xie, Sylvia Tomiyama, Xiaohui Sun At Airbnb, we lean on data to inform our critical decisions. We validate product ideas through randomized controlled experiments, and we track our business performance rigorously to ensure that we maximize values for our stakeholders.
What is the predictive value of intraoperative somatosensory evoked potential monitoring for postoperative neurological deficit in cervical spine surgery?-a meta-analysis - The Spine Journal
Highlights • SSEP monitoring alone is highly specific but weakly sensitive for postoperative neurologic deficit following cervical spine surgery. • Patients with new postoperative neurologic deficits were nearly 27 times more likely to have had significant intraoperative SSEP change. • Loss of SSEP signals and mostly notably, irreversible SSEP changes seem to indicate a much higher risk of injury than reversible SSEP changes.
Point-Counterpoint: Corneal Hysteresis and Glaucoma
Hysteresis Matters John Berdahl, MD, Sioux Falls, S.D. Ever since an ophthalmologist discovered that corneal thickness plays a role in glaucoma, we’ve been wondering about the role of biomechanics in this disease. Initially we thought that a patient with a thin cornea simply meant that we needed to adjust our IOP measurement to take corneal thickness into account. That’s true, but it turns out that having a thin cornea is also an independent risk factor for progression of glaucoma.
A Beginner’s Guide to Data Engineering - The Series Finale
From ETL Pipelines To Data Engineering Frameworks Image credit: Well-designed Data Engineering Frameworks Can Open a Lot of Doors and New Possibilities :) From Part Iof this series, we learned that a robust data foundation is an important prerequisite for pursuing analytics, be it business intelligence, experimentation, or machine learning. From Part II, we delved deeply into the specifics of Airflow and discussed techniques such as data modeling, star schema, and normalization.
A Beginner’s Guide to Data Engineering - Part II
Data Modeling, Data Partitioning, Airflow, and ETL Best Practices Image Credit: A transformed modern warehouse at Hangar 16, Madrid (Cortesía de Iñaqui Carnicero Arquitectura) In A Beginner’s Guide to Data Engineering — Part I, I explained that an organization’s analytics capability is built layers upon layers. From collecting raw data and building data warehouses to applying Machine Learning, we saw why data engineering plays a critical role in all of these areas.
How I Build Learning Projects - Part II
Habits Are Too Light To Be Felt Until They Are Too Heavy to Be Broken In my earlier post, I shared my approach to building self-directed learning projects. I emphasized, before jumping into any project, you should pick carefully and strategically what skills to invest in. In particular, prioritizing skills that are foundational, transferrable, and adjacent to your core competency are some of my criteria for acquiring new professional skills.
We ended race discrimination at the lunch counter; now let’s ban it in the jury box
A statue of the four students who staged a civil rights sit-in at a Greensboro lunch counter in 1960 stands on the campus at N.C. A&T University in Greensboro NC on Jan. 23, 2014. They are David Richmond, Franklin McCain, Ezell Blair, Jr., and Joseph McNeil. Chris Seward cseward@newsobserver.com Sixty years ago this February, four black men sat down at a Greensboro lunch counter and asserted their right to be served.
We ended race discrimination at the lunch counter; now let’s ban it in the jury box
A statue of the four students who staged a civil rights sit-in at a Greensboro lunch counter in 1960 stands on the campus at N.C. A&T University in Greensboro NC on Jan. 23, 2014. They are David Richmond, Franklin McCain, Ezell Blair, Jr., and Joseph McNeil. Chris Seward cseward@newsobserver.com Sixty years ago this February, four black men sat down at a Greensboro lunch counter and asserted their right to be served.
We ended race discrimination at the lunch counter; now let’s ban it in the jury box
A statue of the four students who staged a civil rights sit-in at a Greensboro lunch counter in 1960 stands on the campus at N.C. A&T University in Greensboro NC on Jan. 23, 2014. They are David Richmond, Franklin McCain, Ezell Blair, Jr., and Joseph McNeil. Chris Seward cseward@newsobserver.com Sixty years ago this February, four black men sat down at a Greensboro lunch counter and asserted their right to be served.
Development and Validation of a Deep Learning System to Detect Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy
[Skip to Content Landing] Original Investigation September 12, 2019 JAMA Ophthalmol. Published online September 12, 2019. doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.3501 Full Text Key Points Question How does a deep learning system compare with professional human graders in detecting glaucomatous optic neuropathy?
How I Build Learning Projects — Part I - Robert Chang - Medium
A Little Bit of Slope Makes Up For A Lot of Y-Intercept Image credit: When was the last time that you built a learning project? Recently, I came across a blog post written by Simon Hørup Eskildsen on how he approaches reading. It was an inspiring read because I did not know anyone this deliberate about the pursuit of reading.
A Counterintuitive Tool for Connected Care
A young man with recently diagnosed HIV was admitted yesterday with pleuritic chest pain. He declined antibiotics, was rude to the nursing staff, and frustrated the night team with all of the attention he required. As a result, he was labeled a “difficult patient.” This morning on rounds, I found him simmering with distrust and reluctant to speak.
The Evolution of Portable Visual Field Testing
The idea of testing visual fields outside the office isn’t new. However, novel technology is making it easier to check visual function more reliably at home. Ideally, this would facilitate monitoring of presumed stable or controlled glaucoma patients or suspects, to reduce the overall number of office visits per year.
Trump's transgender ban is headed to court, along with the dehumanizing claims he makes to support it
Get the Think newsletter. SUBSCRIBE Dec. 10, 2018 / 9:46 AM GMT By Robert S. Chang, founding executive director, Fred T. Korematsu Center for Law and Equality at Seattle University School of Law With the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals scheduled to hear oral arguments on Monday in the Doe v.
Effects of 1,8-Diiodooctane on Domain Nanostructure and Charge Separation Dynamics in PC71BM-Based Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells
Processing additives are commonly used to optimize morphology and power conversion efficiency (PCE) in the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic photovoltaics (OPVs), however their exact effects on morphology are not well understood. The bulk-heterojunction OPV system with the model bithiophene imide-benzodithiophene copolymer (PBTIBDT): phenyl-C71-butyric-acid-methyl ester (PC71BM) exhibits a maximum PCE of 5.4% with addition of 3.0 vol% 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO).
Integration of new technology may improve ophthalmologic care
CHICAGO — Artificial intelligence, deep learning systems and automated diagnostic systems can improve ophthalmologic care for patients and provide help for overburdened ophthalmologists. At a press conference, Vinay A. Shah, MD, and Robert Chang, MD, presented a condensed version of their artificial intelligence and integration of technology in ophthalmology course material during the American Academy of Ophthalmology meeting.
Getting Better at Machine Learning
Moving Beyond model.fit(X, y) Image credit: Getting better at machine learning takes time, effort, and practice! In A Beginner’s Guide to Data Engineering series, I argued that academic institutions typically do not teach students the proper mental modelswhen it comes to analytics workflows in real-life. Far too many classes only focus on the mechanics of data analysis without teaching concepts such as ETL or the importance of building robust data pipelines.
A Beginner’s Guide to Data Engineering – Part I - KDnuggets
By Robert Chang, Airbnb. Image credit: A beautiful former slaughterhouse / warehouse at Matadero Madrid, architected by Iñaqui Carnicero Motivation The more experienced I become as a data scientist, the more convinced I am that data engineering is one of the most critical and foundational skills in any data scientist’s toolkit. I find this to be true for both evaluating project or job opportunities and scaling one’s work on the job.
A Beginner’s Guide to Data Engineering - Part II
In this post, I share more technical details on how to build good data pipelines and highlight ETL best practices. Primarily, I will use Python, Airflow, and SQL for our discussion. In A Beginner’s Guide to Data Engineering — Part I, I explained that an organization’s analytics capability is built layers upon layers. From collecting raw data and building data warehouses to applying Machine Learning, we saw why data engineering plays a critical role in all of these areas.
Weekly Selection — Mar 2, 2018 – Towards Data Science
by Pascal Potvin — 4 min read So, you want to be a data scientist, or better you think you are now a data scientist and you are ready for your first job… Well make sure you are not one of the stereotypes of “wanna be data scientists” I list below, otherwise you may well go through numerous rejection in interviews. I do not claim it is a complete list of all the stereotypes out there.
A Beginner’s Guide to Data Engineering - Part I
Data Engineering: The Close Cousin of Data Science The more experienced I become as a data scientist, the more convinced I am that data engineering is one of the most critical and foundational skills in any data scientist’s toolkit. I find this to be true for both evaluating project or job opportunities and scaling one’s work on the job.
Advice For New and Junior Data Scientists
By Robert Chang, Airbnb. Image credit: Alice Truong Motivation Two years ago, I shared my experience on doing data science in the industry. The writing was originally meant to be a private reflection for myself to celebrate my two year twitterversary at Twitter, but I instead published it on Medium because I believe it could be very useful for many aspiring data scientists.
Practical Data Science for Stats
The "Practical Data Science for Stats" Collection contains preprints focusing on the practical side of data science workflows and statistical analysis. Curated by Jennifer Bryan and Hadley Wickham.There are many aspects of day-to-day analytical work that are almost absent from the conventional statistics literature and curriculum.
Practical Data Science for Stats
The "Practical Data Science for Stats" Collection contains preprints focusing on the practical side of data science workflows and statistical analysis. Curated by Jennifer Bryan and Hadley Wickham.There are many aspects of day-to-day analytical work that are almost absent from the conventional statistics literature and curriculum.
A Methodology for Quantifying Cell Density and Distribution in Multidimensional Bioprinted Gelatin-Alginate Constructs
Bioprinted tissue constructs can be produced by microextrusion-based materials processing or coprinting of cells and hydrogel materials. In this paper, a gelatin–alginate hydrogel material formulation is implemented as the bio-ink toward a three-dimensional (3D) cell-laden tissue construct. However, of fundamental importance during the printing process is the interplay between the various parameters that yield the final cell distribution and cell density at different dimensional scales.
Using Machine Learning to Predict Value of Homes On Airbnb
Data products have always been an instrumental part of Airbnb’s service. However, we have long recognized that it’s costly to make data products. For example, personalized search ranking enables guests to more easily discover homes, and smart pricing allows hosts to set more competitive prices according to supply and demand. However, these projects each required a lot of dedicated data science and engineering time and effort.
Derogatory trademarks aren’t about free speech. They’re about discrimination.
This week, the Supreme Court struck down a law that had allowed the government to deny or cancel a federally registered trademark that is racially disparaging. In doing so, the court has now opened the door to discriminatory commercial speech. The case, Matal v. Tam, involved an Asian American rock band that attempted and failed to register a trademark that was derogatory toward people of Asian descent.
Deny trademark of hateful names: Opposing view
There is no First Amendment right to compel government aid for disparaging private speech. Preventing officially sanctioned disparagement is not a quirk of trademark law. In many contexts, the government has recognized the harm of disparaging names and has acted to disassociate itself from those names and labels. Nigger Lake, N.Y. Chinks Peak, Idaho. Squaw Tit, Nev. These places were among thousands in the United States with racially derogatory names.
Learning How to Build a Web Application
Back in my undergraduate days, I did a LOT of mathematical proofs (e.g. Linear Algebra, Real Analysis, and my all time favorite/nightmare Measure Theory). In addition to learning how to think, I also learned to recognize many, and I mean many Greek and Hebrew letters. However, as I took on more empirical work in graduate school, I realized that data visualization was often far more effective in communication than LaTeX alone.
Doing Data Science at Twitter
On June 17, 2015, I celebrated my two year #Twitterversary @Twitter.
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