Robert LANGER
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Articles by Robert LANGER
Blog of Reason’s Month-In-Review: Recent and Noteworthy Trends in Antitrust and Consumer Protection
KEY TAKEAWAYS The past few weeks have seen many interesting antitrust and consumer protection developments.
In vivo engineering of CAR natural killer cells for immunotherapy using ligand-directed lipid nanoparticles
Abstract Targeted lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) offer a nonviral approach for in vivo cell engineering but efficient programming of natural killer (NK) cells remains underexplored. Here we develop NK cell-targeted LNPs (NtLNPs) using engineered biparatopic NK cell ligands to drive receptor-specific uptake and mRNA delivery. Lead NtLNPs achieve up to ~80% NK cell transfection with minimal off-target effects in mice.
Accelerated discovery of thermostable mRNA–lipid nanoparticle vaccines using data-efficient AI
Abstract The instability of mRNA−lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) necessitates ultra-cold storage, limiting global distribution and their broader application in advanced delivery systems. Solid-state, water-free formulations enhance thermostability and enable integration into emerging delivery modalities such as microneedle patches. Previous efforts to stabilize mRNA−LNPs have been constrained by narrow formulation scope and low-throughput screening methods.
Recent Significant Federal Merger Enforcement Developments
Wiggin & Dana are most popular: within International Law, Wealth Management and Intellectual Property topic(s) in United States DOJ Press Release on Second Requests. On July 23, 2026, the Justice Department’s Antitrust Division announced that it has returned to implementing targeted Second Request investigations to expedite merger review.
An ingestible origami-inspired metamaterial for prolonged oral delivery of therapeutics
Abstract Poor adherence to oral drug regimens adversely affects treatment outcomes and contributes substantially to preventable healthcare costs, underscoring the need for long-acting drug delivery systems that sustain therapeutic levels over extended periods. To address this, we developed an origami-inspired, oral drug delivery dosage form capable of prolonged residence in the gastric cavity.
Industrialization of sandwich composite panels for portable outdoor tabletops
Citation: Yu W, Langer R (2026) Industrialization of sandwich composite panels for portable outdoor tabletops. PLoS One 21(7): e0353571. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0353571 Editor: Vinod Ayyappan, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, THAILAND Received: April 15, 2026; Accepted: June 25, 2026; Published: July 9, 2026 Copyright: © 2026 Yu, Langer.
A modular hydrogel system with independent control of bioadhesion, fibrosis, and stiffness
Abstract INTRODUCTION RESULTS DISCUSSION MATERIALS AND METHODS Acknowledgments Supplementary Materials REFERENCES Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract Hydrogels that adhere to biological tissues and resist fibrosis are required to provide both optimal functionality and appropriate stiffness on diverse soft tissues to achieve therapeutic efficacy and biocompatibility.
2026 Legislative Session: CUTPA Developments Advisory
WD Wiggin & Dana More Wiggin and Dana is a full-service law firm of highly talented, creative and experienced lawyers dedicated to exceeding our clients’ expectations every day. With offices in Boston, Connecticut, New York, Philadelphia, Washington, DC, and Florida, we represent clients throughout the United States and globally on a wide range of sophisticated and complex matters.
2026 Legislative Session: CUTPA Developments Advisory
2026 Legislative Session: CUTPA Developments Advisory Authored by: Robert Langer, Andie King and Emily Flanagan The Connecticut Unfair Trade Practices Act Takes Center Stage in Tech Regulation The 2026 Connecticut legislative session produced a wave of new consumer protection legislation, with the Connecticut Unfair Trade Practices Act (“CUTPA”), Conn. Gen. Stat.
MIT团队开发Am80-LNP黏膜佐剂，补上灭活脊灰疫苗的肠道免疫短板-虎嗅网
脊髓灰质炎，是人类为数不多有望被彻底消灭的传染病。自1988年全球消灭脊灰行动启动至今，野生1型脊灰病毒依旧在部分地区流行，2023年阿富汗、巴基斯坦共报告12例确诊病例；与此同时，疫苗衍生脊灰病毒在当年蔓延至32个国家，引发524例感染，成为防疫路上的巨大阻碍。 全球根除脊灰的目标近在咫尺，却始终难以落地，症结就出在现有疫苗的固有短板上。目前广泛使用的灭活脊灰疫苗（IPV）采用注射接种，能有效刺激人体产生血液中的IgG抗体，保护接种者免于重症侵袭。但这款疫苗存在一个致命缺陷：无法在肠道黏膜处诱导产生特异性IgA抗体。而脊灰病毒恰恰依靠肠道完成复制，并通过粪口途径持续传播。简单来说，IPV能保护个人不患病，却无法阻断病毒在肠道内的增殖与向外扩散，这也让脊灰的传播链条难以彻底切断。 数十年来，业内一直试图弥补这一技术短板，却始终未能找到可行的解决方案。 LNP解锁全新用途：变身肠道黏膜免疫佐剂 2026年6月，美国麻省理工学院Ana Jaklenec、Robert Langer合作在Science...
A platform for near real-time and multiplexed monitoring of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and flow in neurocritical care
Editor’s summary Abstract INTRODUCTION RESULTS DISCUSSION MATERIALS AND METHODS Acknowledgments Supplementary Materials REFERENCES AND NOTES Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Editor’s summary Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers are important for monitoring pathophysiological changes in neurocritical care. However, slow turnaround times of traditional laboratory analysis hinder fast decision-making based on these markers.
Ana Jaklenec & Robert Langer 团队最新AFM：为什么固态mRNA 递送的评价体系需要彻底重构？
前言 新冠之后，mRNA技术的产业问题已经从"能不能快速做出疫苗"转向"能不能稳定、便宜、可及地交付"。冷链是其中最现实的一环。固态化、冻干、微针贴片等方向，本质上都在回答同一个问题：如何让mRNA-LNP从一个高度依赖水相环境的纳米组装体，变成可以运输、储存、再激活的药物产品。 但对mRNA-LNP来说，干燥并不只是“把水拿掉”那么简单。 mRNA疫苗的稳定性由两部分共同决定：一是mRNA分子本身，二是包载它的脂质纳米颗粒。后者并不是一个惰性的载体，而是由可电离脂质、辅助磷脂、胆固醇和PEG脂质共同形成的自组装体系。也正因为是自组装材料，LNP在干燥或后续加工过程中可能发生聚集、坍塌、相态重排，进而改变原有结构特征、载药状态和递送活性。 近日，麻省理工学院Koch研究所Ana Jaklenec和Robert Langer课题组，联合澳大利亚RMIT大学Calum Drummond团队，发表于Advanced Functional Materials的研究“Exploring an Alternative to mRNA Vaccine Cold Chain...
Fifth Circuit Holds FTC’s Internal Administrative Adjudication of Deceptive Advertising Claims Unconstitutional
On March 20, 2026, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit held that deceptive advertising actions brought by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) in an administrative proceeding are unconstitutional.[1] In Intuit, Inc. v. FTC (No. 24-60040), the Fifth Circuit determined that when the FTC prosecutes deceptive advertising claims pursuant to Section 5 of the FTC Act, it can only bring those claims in an Article III court because such claims implicate “private,” not “public,” rights.
Towards intelligent and miniaturized drug delivery devices
Abstract Advances at the intersection of biotechnology, artificial intelligence, electronics and materials science are reshaping how drugs can be delivered inside the body. Intelligent and miniaturized drug delivery devices (IMDDDs) leverage these technologies to achieve precise pharmacokinetics, targeted distribution and programmable release while minimizing toxicity and improving patient adherence.
District Court Vacates HSR Reporting Requirements
Gabriella Bensur’s articles from Wiggin & Dana are most popular: within Antitrust/Competition Law topic(s) with Inhouse Counsel in United States with readers working within the Insurance, Metals & Mining and Construction & Engineering industries Last week, a Texas federal district court vacated the Federal Trade Commission Final Rule from 2025 that expanded the information companies must include in Hart-Scott-Rodino ("HSR") premerger notifications.1 The Final Rule, which went into effect in...
District Court Vacates HSR Reporting Requirements
Last week, a Texas federal district court vacated the Federal Trade Commission Final Rule from 2025 that expanded the information companies must include in Hart-Scott-Rodino (“HSR”) premerger notifications.[1] The Final Rule, which went into effect in February 2025, greatly increased reporting burdens on parties to a merger or acquisition, including by requiring parties to provide narrative descriptions of their transaction rationale; produce all transaction-specific agreements; and disclose...
Federal, State, And Constitutional Shifts In The Cannabis Legal Landscape
Wiggin & Dana are most popular: within Litigation, Mediation & Arbitration, Finance and Banking and Tax topic(s) in United States with readers working within the Chemicals, Retail & Leisure and Utilities industries Federal cannabis policy is entering a period of transition.
The potential of miniaturized ingestible electronics - Nature Electronics
Ingestible electronic devices could transform gastrointestinal medicine by combining diagnostic and therapeutic functions into a single miniature device. But challenges related to device miniaturization, power-efficient integrated circuit design and data security remain to be addressed.
Lipid Nanoparticle Database towards structure-function modeling and data-driven design for nucleic acid delivery - Nature Communications
Abstract Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are the leading nonviral nucleic acid delivery technology, but LNP structure-function data remains fragmented and nonstandardized. Unlike protein engineering which is anchored by the centralized Protein Data Bank, the LNP field lacks a unified repository for systematic analysis.
New York's Fair Business Practices Act Significantly Expands State Consumer Protection Law
WD Wiggin & Dana More Wiggin and Dana is a full-service law firm of highly talented, creative and experienced lawyers dedicated to exceeding our clients’ expectations every day. With offices in Boston, Connecticut, New York, Philadelphia, Washington, DC, and Florida, we represent clients throughout the United States and globally on a wide range of sophisticated and complex matters.
2025 Antitrust Round-Up
The last stretch of 2025 saw significant developments in antitrust litigation involving algorithmic pricing and listing services in the real estate sector. As artificial-intelligence driven software and other real estate business practices continue to generate antitrust litigation, companies should remain vigilant about the risks of incorporating new technologies and listing policies into their business models. Algorithmic Pricing: Settlements and New Legislation.
FTC Sets Aside Rytr LLC Final Order, Citing the Trump Administration’s AI Action Plan
On December 22, 2025, the FTC reopened and set aside the FTC’s 2024 consent order against the AI company Rytr LLC.[1] This move was made by the two active members, Chair Andrew Ferguson and Commissioner Mark Meador, leading the normally five-member agency.
The critical role of food fortification in combatting malnutrition and disease susceptibility in Africa - Communications Medicine
Malnutrition can severely compromise immune function, rendering populations more vulnerable to both communicable and non-communicable diseases. Here, we discuss food fortification and micronutrient supplementation programs that have been instrumental in mitigating malnutrition across Africa and in controlling disease spread, marking considerable advances in public health throughout the continent. References Bain, L. E. et al. Malnutrition in sub–Saharan Africa: burden, causes and prospects. Pan Afr.
Degradable cyclic amino alcohol ionizable lipids as vectors for potent influenza mRNA vaccines - Nature Nanotechnology
Abstract The next generation of mRNA vaccines must address several limitations, including enhancing vaccine potency and reducing toxicity. Here we develop a class of degradable, cyclic amino ionizable lipids via sequential combinatorial chemistry and rational design.
Merger Remedies Are Back In Play: Recent Developments
Wiggin & Dana are most popular: within Intellectual Property topic(s) in United States with readers working within the Advertising & Public Relations, Technology and Law Firm industries Recent merger settlements further confirm that merger remedies are back and indicate the healthcare industry remains a priority for antitrust enforcers.
Merger Remedies Are Back in Play: Recent Developments
Recent merger settlements further confirm that merger remedies are back and indicate the healthcare industry remains a priority for antitrust enforcers.
Self-driving labs for biotechnology - Nature Computational Science
Self-driving laboratories that integrate robotic production with artificial intelligence have the potential to accelerate innovation in biotechnology. Because self-driving labs can be complex and not universally applicable, it is useful to consider their suitable use cases for successful integration into discovery workflows. Here, we review strategies for assessing the suitability of self-driving labs for biochemical design problems.
Engineered prime editors with minimal genomic errors - Nature
Abstract Prime editors make programmed genome modifications by writing new sequences into extensions of nicked DNA 3′ ends1. These edited 3′ new strands must displace competing 5′ strands to install edits, yet a bias towards retaining the competing 5′ strands hinders efficiency and can cause indel errors2. Here we discover that nicked end degradation, consistent with competing 5′ strand destabilization, can be promoted by Cas9-nickase mutations that relax nick positioning.
D.C. District Court Blocks FTC Investigation Into Watchdog Journalism Non-Profit, “Media Matters for America”
On August 15, 2025, D.C. District Judge Sparkle L.
Gastrointestinal neuroprosthesis for motility and metabolic neuromodulation - Nature Communications
Abstract Gastrointestinal (GI) dysmotility and associated conditions affect over 20% of population, yet pharmacological, behavioural, and surgical interventions offer limited therapeutic efficacy. Targeted electrical stimulation addressing underlying neuromuscular pathology stands to transform our ability to treat dysmotility. Here, we developed a closed-loop GI neuroprosthesis which activates or relaxes GI tract musculature through electrochemical stimulation in response to sensed food stimuli.
Emergency delivery of particulate drugs by active ejection using in vivo wireless devices - Nature Biomedical Engineering
Abstract Rapidly administered emergency drug therapy represents life-saving treatment for a range of acute conditions including hypoglycaemia, anaphylaxis and cardiac arrest. Devices that automate emergency delivery, such as pumps and automated injectors, are limited by the low stability of liquid formulations. In contrast, dry particulate formulations of these drugs are stable but are incompatible with drug pumps and require reconstitution before administration.
Merger Remedies are Back in Play under Trump 2.0
The Federal Trade Commission’s (“FTC”) recent settlement of the Synopsys/Ansys merger and the Department of Justice Antitrust Division’s (“DOJ”) settlement of the Keysight/Spirent merger are signs that, under the new Trump administration, the agencies are interested in putting merger remedies, which had essentially been a non-starter during the Biden administration, back on the table.
Settled Yet Uncertain: Final Approval of NCAA NIL Settlement Opens Doors to More Antitrust Challenges
On June 6, U.S. District Judge Claudia Wilken approved a proposed settlement agreement [VZ1] between the National Collegiate Athletics Association (“NCAA”), the Power Five Conferences and student athletes, effectively paving the way for name, likeness, and image (“NIL”) compensation for student athletes.[1] The approval comes nearly five years after student athletes filed the class action lawsuit for alleged violations of the Sherman Act related to horizontal price fixing and unlawful...
Author Correction: Boosting hydrogel conductivity via water-dispersible conducting polymers for injectable bioelectronics - Nature Communications
Correction to: Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59045-1, published online 22 April 2025 In the version of the article initially published, a thiophene ring in Fig.
Introducing Blog of Reason: Wiggin and Dana’s Antitrust and Consumer Protection Blog
Wiggin and Dana’s Antitrust and Technology Disputes Practice Group is excited to launch Blog of Reason, named for the so-called “rule of reason” under U.S. antitrust law. As followers of antitrust law know, a “rule of reason” analysis is expansive, searching, and nuanced. Blog of Reason aspires to be the same.
Study on molecular orientation and stratification in RNA-lipid nanoparticles by cryogenic orbitrap secondary ion mass spectrometry - Communications Chemistry
Abstract Lipid nanoparticle RNA (LNP-RNA) formulations are used for the delivery of vaccines and other therapies. RNA molecules are encapsulated within their interior through electrostatic interactions with positively charged lipids. The identity of the lipids that present at their surface play a role in how they interact with and are perceived by the body and their resultant potency.
Blueprints for Better Drugs: The Structural Revolution in Nanomedicine
Structural Nanomedicine─Definition and Importance Click to copy section linkSection link copied! Drug development has been central to medicine for over 300 years. Over the last 20 years, the focus has moved from small molecules to more complex biologics and nucleic acid structures. (1) With that movement, advances in the treatment of disease, including many forms of cancer, infectious disease, cardiovascular disease, and neurological disorders, have occurred.
Boosting hydrogel conductivity via water-dispersible conducting polymers for injectable bioelectronics - Nature Communications
Abstract Bioelectronic devices hold transformative potential for healthcare diagnostics and therapeutics. Yet, traditional electronic implants often require invasive surgeries and are mechanically incompatible with biological tissues. Injectable hydrogel bioelectronics offer a minimally invasive alternative that interfaces with soft tissue seamlessly. A major challenge is the low conductivity of bioelectronic systems, stemming from poor dispersibility of conductive additives in hydrogel mixtures.
Enhancing immunotherapy with tumour-responsive nanomaterials - Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology
Abstract The targeted delivery of immunotherapies to tumours using tumour-responsive nanomaterials is a promising area of cancer research with the potential to address the limitations of systemic administration such as on-target off-tumour toxicities and a lack of activity owing to the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME).
On-patient medical record and mRNA therapeutics using intradermal microneedles - Nature Materials
Abstract Medical interventions often require timed series of doses, thus necessitating accurate medical record-keeping. In many global settings, these records are unreliable or unavailable at the point of care, leading to less effective treatments or disease prevention. Here we present an invisible-to-the-naked-eye on-patient medical record-keeping technology that accurately stores medical information in the patient skin as part of microneedles that are used for intradermal therapeutics.
Author Correction: Enhancing the immunogenicity of lipid-nanoparticle mRNA vaccines by adjuvanting the ionizable lipid and the mRNA - Nature Biomedical Engineering
Correction to: Nature Biomedical Engineering https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-023-01082-6, published online 7 September 2023. In the version of this article originally published, an error occurred in the ELISpot images in Fig. 2f. Specifically, the representative image for the left MC3 panel was inadvertently duplicated from the right Lipid 211 panel. The original and corrected versions of Fig. 2f are provided below (Fig. 1).
Artificial intelligence-guided design of lipid nanoparticles for pulmonary gene therapy - Nature Biotechnology
Abstract Ionizable lipids are a key component of lipid nanoparticles, the leading nonviral messenger RNA delivery technology. Here, to advance the identification of ionizable lipids beyond current methods, which rely on experimental screening and/or rational design, we introduce lipid optimization using neural networks, a deep-learning strategy for ionizable lipid design.
Degradable poly(β-amino ester) microparticles for cleansing products and food fortification - Nature Chemical Engineering
Abstract Microplastic pollution is a pressing global crisis caused by the extensive use of nondegradable microplastic materials in daily activities. One effective approach to mitigate this issue is to replace nondegradable plastics with degradable materials that have properties amendable for targeted applications. Here we present the development of a degradable microparticle (MP) platform based on a poly(β-amino ester) (PAE) that degrades into sugar and amino acid derivatives.
Monomer centred selectivity guidelines in sulfurated ring-opening copolymerisations
Monomer centred selectivity guidelines in sulfurated ring-opening copolymerisations Sulfur-containing polymers, such as thioesters and thiocarbonates, offer sustainability advantages like enhanced degradability and chemical recyclability. However, their synthesis remains underdeveloped compared to their oxygen-containing counterparts.
Advanced technologies for the development of infectious disease vaccines - Nature Reviews Drug Discovery
Abstract Vaccines play a critical role in the prevention of life-threatening infectious disease. However, the development of effective vaccines against many immune-evading pathogens such as HIV has proven challenging, and existing vaccines against some diseases such as tuberculosis and malaria have limited efficacy.
CRISPR–Cas9 delivery strategies for the modulation of immune and non-immune cells - Nature Reviews Materials
Abstract CRISPR–Cas9 genome editing technology is a promising tool for genetically engineering immune cells and modulating immune systems. Although ex vivo genome editing of immune cells has reached clinical trials, in vivo application is still restricted by the instability and inefficient delivery of CRISPR–Cas9 components to immune cells through circulation. In this Review, we summarize ex vivo and in vivo strategies to deliver CRISPR–Cas9 components to both non-immune and immune cells.
Kaitlyn Sadtler is on the TIME100 Next 2024 List | TIME
Robert Langer October 2, 2024 7:17 AM EDT I have known Kaitlyn Sadtler since 2017, when she joined our lab as a brilliant, creative, and extremely driven postdoctoral fellow at MIT. She made major contributions, including improving our understanding of how the immune system works and helping create potential new cancer vaccines. Kaitlyn received numerous faculty job offers at great universities after finishing her fellowship with us, and chose to work at the National Institutes of Health.
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A translational framework to DELIVER nanomedicines to the clinic - Nature Nanotechnology
Abstract Nanomedicines have created a paradigm shift in healthcare. Yet fundamental barriers still exist that prevent or delay the clinical translation of nanomedicines. Critical hurdles inhibiting clinical success include poor understanding of nanomedicines’ physicochemical properties, limited exposure in the cell or tissue of interest, poor reproducibility of preclinical outcomes in clinical trials, and biocompatibility concerns.
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