I. Introduction Plant protection is an essential component of agricultural production, with numerous systems relying on synthetic pesticides (Savary et al., Reference Savary, Willocquet, Pethybridge, Esker, McRoberts and Nelson2019). However, their widespread and intensive application has been associated with harmful effects on the environment and human health (Tang et al., Reference Tang, Lenzen, McBratney and Maggi2021).