Ronald Jan Corbee

1 Introduction Dietary modification with renal diets is recommended for cats diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly those classified as International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) stages 2–4, to manage azotaemia and other common complications, such as hyperphosphatemia and proteinuria (IRIS 2023; Polzin and Churchill 2016; Sparkes et al. 2016).

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1 INTRODUCTION Urinary pH can be regarded as an estimation of the acid-base balance (Barsanti, 2012). Urinary pH is not constant and fluctuates during the day.