Casino games were historically a pastime of the rich. The highest echelons of society were involved in high-stakes card games, and both Marie Antoinette and Georgiana, Duchess of Devonshire, were known to have created their own private salons and gaming rooms. The first casino, established in Venice, was allegedly open to everyone. However, the dress code (including Venetian mask and three-cornered hat) excluded the vast majority of society.