Sina Bartfeld

1 Introduction After encounter of their stimulus, B-lymphocytes will differentiate to become one of two types of antibody-producing cells: either plasmablasts, which will undergo cell death after 3–5 days of antibody-production, or long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs), which persist for months, years or even lifelong. Continuous antibody secretion by LLPCs contributes to the humoral memory of the body [1, 2].

The syllabus and learning guide are grounded in eight core concepts that span basic biology, clinical application, and ethical and policy considerations (see Table 1). 2 These topic-focused modules can be taught independently or as a series to provide students with a cohesive introduction to stem cell science.

Organoids are a diverse set of 3D in vitro model systems which can recapitulate to a remarkable extent the structure and function of developing and adult organs and tissues. This technology enables us to mimic cellular and molecular features of distinct organ systems and tissue contexts in mice and humans with great detail. Organoids have helped us study various aspects of mouse and human development and physiology.