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Articles by Suman Karan
Polarization-preserving image rotator
A K-mirror rotates the wavefront of an incident optical field. However, the rotation always introduces polarization changes in the transmitted field. This is a serious concern for applications ranging from astronomical image derotation to orbital angular momentum characterization in photonic quantum technology.
PseudoSorter: A self-supervised spike sorting approach applied to reveal Tau-induced reductions in neuronal activity
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Abstract Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) permit recordings with high electrode counts, thus generating complex datasets that would benefit from precise neuronal spike sorting for meaningful data extraction. Nevertheless, conventional spike sorting methods face limitations in recognizing diverse spike shapes. Here, we introduce PseudoSorter, which uses self-supervised learning techniques, a density-based pseudolabeling strategy, and an iterative fine-tuning process to enhance spike sorting accuracy.
By Dadong Liu, Katja Mauelshagen, Suman Karan, Marius Brockhoff, Jakob Trauble, Sagnik Middya, Tanja Fuchsberger, Ana Fernández-Villegas, Amberley D. Stephens, Miranda Robbins, Wenyue Dai, Nino F. Läubli, Clemens Kaminski, George G. Malliaras, Ole Paulsen, Belquis Haider, Sulay Vora, Gabriele S. Kamin
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Science Magazine
Verified
Senolytic treatment for low back pain
Abstract Senescent cells (SnCs) accumulate because of aging and external cellular stress throughout the body. They adopt a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and release inflammatory and degenerative factors that actively contribute to age-related diseases, such as low back pain (LBP). The senolytics, o-vanillin and RG-7112, remove SnCs in human intervertebral discs (IVDs) and reduce SASP release, but it is unknown whether they can treat LBP.
A multimodal defect-rich nanoreactor triggers sono-piezoelectric tandem catalysis and iron metabolism disruption for implant infections
Abstract Tracking and eradicating drug-resistant bacteria are critical for combating implant-associated infections, yet effective antibacterial therapies remain elusive. Herein, we propose an oxygen vacancy–rich (BiFe)0.9(BaTi)0.1O3−x nanoreactor as a piezoelectric sonosensitizer by spatiotemporal ultrasound–driven sono- and chemodynamic tandem catalysis to amplify antibacterial efficacy.
Pigment removal from reverse-printed laminated flexible films by solvent-targeted recovery and precipitation
Abstract The solvent-targeted recovery and precipitation (STRAP) process separates and recovers the constituent resins in multilayer plastic packaging films by selective polymer dissolution. In this work, the cause of coloring in the STRAP-recycled polyethylene (PE) resins from postindustrial printed films was identified as decomposed diarylide pigments.
Broadband uniform-efficiency OAM-mode detector
Abstract The high-dimensional basis of orbital angular momentum (OAM) has several added and unique advantages for photonic quantum technologies compared to the polarization basis, which is only two-dimensional. However, one of the major roadblocks in implementing OAM-based applications with their full potentials is the absence of an ideal OAM-mode detector.
An enzymatic cleavage-triggered minimally invasive nanosensor for urine-based detection of early atherosclerosis
Abstract Timely detection of early atherosclerosis (AS) is crucial for improving cardiovascular outcomes, creating a growing demand for diagnostic tools that are simple, sensitive, and cost-effective. Here, we introduce a synthetic nanosensor for early AS detection that leverages the fluorescence and renal clearance properties of carbon quantum dots (CQDs).
Observation of vortex-pair dance and oscillation
Abstract Vortex dynamics, which encompass the motion, evolution, and propagation of vortices, elicit both fascination and challenges across various domains such as fluid dynamics, atmospheric science, and physics. This study focuses on the fundamental dynamics of vortex-pair fields, specifically known as vortex-pair beams (VPBs) in optics. VPBs have gained increasing attention due to their unique properties, including vortex attraction and repulsion.
Inhibiting EZH2 complements steroid effects in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Abstract Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating X-linked disorder caused by dystrophin gene mutations. Despite recent advances in understanding the disease etiology and applying emerging treatment methodologies, glucocorticoid derivatives remain the only general therapeutic option that can slow disease development. However, the precise molecular mechanism of glucocorticoid action remains unclear, and there is still need for additional remedies to complement the treatment.
Random encounters dominate water-water interactions at supercritical conditions
Abstract Supercritical water is widely present in Earth’s crust and has a great potential as an environmentally friendly solvent. Water also serves as the prototype for directional hydrogen bonding at ambient conditions. However, the question of whether supercritical water is still hydrogen-bonded or how water molecules interact en route to the supercritical regime is a matter of controversial discussions.
Molecule-induced ripening control in perovskite quantum dots for efficient and stable light-emitting diodes
Abstract Perovskite quantum dots (QDs) show an excellent application perspective in semiconductor optoelectronic devices. However, problems of ligand loss during the growth, purification, film formation, and storage process always induce the aggregation and ripening of QDs, adversely affecting QDs’ and QD-based devices’ performance.
Protein misfolding involving entanglements providesa structural explanation for the origin of stretched-exponential refolding kinetics
Abstract Stretched-exponential protein refolding kinetics, first observed decades ago, were attributed to a nonnative ensemble of structures with parallel, non-interconverting folding pathways. However, the structural origin of the large energy barriers preventing interconversion between these folding pathways is unknown. Here, we combine simulations with limited proteolysis (LiP) and cross-linking (XL) mass spectrometry (MS) to study the protein phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK).
SARS-related coronavirus S-protein structures reveal synergistic RBM interactions underpinning high-affinity human ACE2 binding
Abstract High-affinity and specific binding toward the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) receptor by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS)–related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoVs) remains incompletely understood. We report cryo–electron microscopy structures of eight different S-proteins from SARSr-CoVs found across Asia, Europe, and Africa. These S-proteins all adopt tightly packed, locked, prefusion conformations.
Ectopic expression of testis-specific transcription elongation factor in driving cancer
Abstract The testis-specific BET protein BRDT structurally resembles the ubiquitous BRD4 and is misexpressed in cancer, and we show that BRDT misexpression may affect lung cancer progression. BRDT knockdown in lung cancer cells slowed tumor growth and prolonged survival in a xenograft model. Comparative characterization of PTEFb complex participation and chromatin binding indicates BRD4-redundant and BRD4-distinct BRDT functions.
Long-term adhesion durability revealed through a rheological paradigm
Abstract The question of how long an object can adhere to a surface has intrigued scientists for centuries. Traditional studies focus on rapid crack-propagation detachment and account only for short-term adhesion governed by interfacial-viscoelastic dissipation, failing to explain long-term phenomena like sudden detachment after prolonged adherence and to predict corresponding adhesion lifetimes.
Disproportionately large impacts of wildland-urban interface fire emissions on global air quality and human health
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Abstract Fires in the wildland-urban interface (WUI) are a global issue with growing importance. However, the impact of WUI fires on air quality and health is less understood compared to that of fires in wildland. We analyze WUI fire impacts on air quality and health at the global scale using a multi-scale atmospheric chemistry model—the Multi-Scale Infrastructure for Chemistry and Aerosols model (MUSICA).
By Dadong Liu, Katja Mauelshagen, Suman Karan, Wenfu Tang, Louisa K. Emmons, Christine Wiedinmyer, Debatosh B. Partha, Yaoxian Huang, Cenlin He, Junzhe Zhang, Kelley C. Barsanti, Benjamin Gaubert, Duseong S. Jo, Jun Zhang, Rebecca Buchholz, Simone Tilmes, Francis Vitt, Claire Granier, Helen M. Worden
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Science Magazine
Verified
Monolithically integrated solid-state vertical organic electrochemical transistors switching between neuromorphic and logic functions
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Abstract Manipulating the ionic-electronic coupling in organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) offers opportunities for interesting phenomena and advanced applications but has not been systematically exploited. Here, we develop monolithically integrated solid-state vertical OECTs to fully explore polyelectrolyte’s strengths, enabling the OECTs to switch between neuromorphic and logic functions.
By Dadong Liu, Katja Mauelshagen, Suman Karan, Tianming Li, Zhe Qu, Yeji Jesse Lee Verified, Oliver Schmidt Verified, Jiansong Si, Vineeth Kumar Bandari
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Science Magazine
Verified
Tissue stiffness mapping by light sheet elastography
Abstract Tissue stiffness plays a crucial role in regulating morphogenesis. The ability to measure and monitor the dynamic progression of tissue stiffness is important for generating and testing mechanistic hypotheses. Methods to measure tissue properties in vivo have been emerging but present challenges with spatial and temporal resolution especially in 3D, by their reliance on highly specialized equipment, and/or due to their invasive nature.
Polyelectrolyte-based wireless and drift-free iontronic sensors for orthodontic sensing
Abstract The real-time monitoring of health conditions of humans is a long-lasting topic, but there are two major challenges. First, many biomedical applications accept only implanted sensors. Second, tissue-like soft sensors often suffer from viscoelasticity-induced signal drift, causing inaccurate measurements. Here, we report a wireless and drift-free sensory system enabled by a low-creep polyelectrolyte elastomer.
Interlayer confinement toward short hydrogen bond network construction for fast hydroxide transport
Abstract Driven by boosting demands for sustainable energy, highly conductive hydroxide exchange membranes (HEMs) are urgently required in electrochemical conversion devices. The hydrogen bonds shorter than 2.5 angstrom are expected to accelerate the ion transport. However, short hydrogen bonds (SHBs) can hardly form naturally because of the electron-withdrawing capability of O atom, which impedes its applications in water-mediated ion transport.
A polyvalent vaccine for selectively killing tumor-associated bacteria to prevent cancer metastasis
Abstract Specific bacteria, including Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus sanguis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus xylosus, have been identified as contributors to breast cancer metastasis. Due to limitations such as lack of selectivity, traditional antibiotic therapies face obstacles in eliminating intratumoral bacteria. Herein, this work proposes the use of therapeutic vaccines to selectively target and eliminate harmful bacteria within tumors.
Multiple B-site doping suppresses ion migration in halide perovskites
Abstract Lead halide perovskites hold great promise for photovoltaics and optoelectronics, yet ion migration continues to challenge their long-term stability. Here, combining first-principles calculations and machine learning molecular dynamics, we unravel the interplay between perovskite octahedral lattice dynamics and energy barrier associated with ion migration.
Biological age prediction using a DNN model based on pathways of steroidogenesis
Abstract Aging involves the progressive accumulation of cellular damage, leading to systemic decline and age-related diseases. Despite advances in medicine, accurately predicting biological age (BA) remains challenging due to the complexity of aging processes and the limitations of current models. This study introduces a method for predicting BA using a deep neural network (DNN) based on pathways of steroidogenesis.
Fast and reliable probabilistic reflectometry inversion with prior-amortized neural posterior estimation
Abstract Reconstructing the structure of thin films and multilayers from measurements of scattered x-rays or neutrons is key to progress in physics, chemistry, and biology. However, finding all structures compatible with reflectometry data is computationally prohibitive for standard algorithms, which typically results in unreliable analysis with only a single potential solution identified.
The sodium leak channel NALCN is regulated by neuronal SNARE complex proteins
Abstract NALCN (sodium leak channel, nonselective) is vital for regulating electrical activity in neurons and other excitable cells, and mutations in the channel or its auxiliary proteins lead to severe neurodevelopmental disorders.
Assessing E. coli levels in surface soils of informal settlements using boot sock and standard grab methods
Abstract Rapid urbanization leads to the growth of informal settlements, where inadequate sanitation infrastructure is common, thus promoting environmental contamination and risk of gastrointestinal infection. Soil contamination contributes to the transmission of enteropathogens, but traditional sampling approaches may poorly indicate public health risks due to limited spatial representation.
Spraying of water microdroplets forms luminescence and causes chemical reactions in surrounding gas
Abstract When neutral water is sprayed, oppositely charged microdroplets are formed. The close approach of oppositely charged microdroplets causes an electrical discharge and leads to luminescent emission. The light emission happens without any external voltage applied, and the electrical discharge is sufficiently energetic to excite, dissociate, or ionize surrounding neutral gas molecules. Thus, sprayed water microdroplets cause chemical reactions to occur.
An annually resolved 5700-year storm archive reveals drivers of Caribbean cyclone frequency
Abstract Predictions of tropical cyclone (TC) frequencies are hampered by insufficient knowledge of their natural variability in the past. A 30-m-long sediment core from the Great Blue Hole, a marine sinkhole offshore Belize, provides the longest available, continuous, and annually resolved TC-frequency record.
Wavefront rotator with near-zero mean polarization change
A K-mirror is a device that rotates the wavefront of an incident optical field. It has recently gained prominence over the Dove prism, another commonly used wavefront rotator, due to the fact that while a K-mirror has several controls for adjusting the internal reflections, a Dove prism is made of a single glass element with no additional control. Thus, one can obtain much lower angular deviations of transmitting wavefronts using a K-mirror than with a Dove prism.
Postselection-free controlled generation of a high-dimensional orbital-angular-momentum entangled state
High-dimensional entangled states in an orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) basis offer several unique advantages for quantum information applications. However, for the optimal performance of a given application, one requires a generation technique for OAM entangled states that is completely postselection-free and fully controllable. Nonetheless, despite several efforts in the past, no such technique currently exists.
Quantifying polarization changes induced by rotating Dove prisms and K-mirrors
Abstract Dove prisms and K-mirrors are devices extensively used for rotating the wavefront of an optical field. These devices have several applications, including the measurement of orbital angular momentum, microscopy, beam steering, and pattern recognition. However, the wavefront rotation achieved through these devices is always accompanied by polarization changes in the incident field, which is an undesirable feature in many of these applications.
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