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Articles by Tim Cole
SITAR-d: extending the SITAR growth curve model to allow for variability in post-pubertal velocity
?Mathematical formulae have been encoded as MathML and are displayed in this HTML version using MathJax in order to improve their display. Uncheck the box to turn MathJax off. This feature requires Javascript. Click on a formula to zoom. Abstract Background The SITAR growth curve model with its three random effects is useful for summarising height growth in individuals and groups. However SITAR performs less well for weight which unlike height continues to change post-puberty.
AI in the Enterprise: Counting the Full Cost
AI has moved beyond theory and novelty. For many organisations, it now sits alongside core systems as part of the infrastructure. A lot of people still think about is mainly in terms of public LLMs and chatbots – something you can dip in and out of in a browser and discard when you’re done. Viewing AI through this lens can miss the wider range of models and techniques that can improve outcomes more efficiently with less risk.
A novel approach to mapping place using a Holocaust survivor testimony
ABSTRACT In this article, we propose a representational model to map the platial elements of the recorded testimony of one Jewish survivor of the Holocaust in Italy. The starting point for the design of the representational model is a definition of place as constituted by the triad of location, locale, and sense of place.
Child height figures show effects of covid, obesity, and inequality
Andrew Moscrop, general practitioner1, Danny Dorling, 1971 professor of geography2, Tim J Cole, professor emeritus of medical statistics3, Charlotte Wright, professor4 1Oxford, UK 2University of Oxford, Oxford, UK 3UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK 4Department of Human Nutrition, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK Correspondence to: A Moscrop andrewmoscrop{at}yahoo.com Narrowing inequalities in child height may reflect widening inequalities in obesity Data from...
Ranking performances of Olympic-style weightlifters adjusted for body mass on the same scale for both sexes: A novel approach
?Mathematical formulae have been encoded as MathML and are displayed in this HTML version using MathJax in order to improve their display. Uncheck the box to turn MathJax off. This feature requires Javascript. Click on a formula to zoom. ABSTRACT Males typically outperform females in Olympic-style weightlifting, as judged by total weight lifted, and similarly heavier athletes outperform lighter athletes.
Evaluation and comparison of nine growth and development-based measures of pubertal timing - Communications Medicine
Abstract Pubertal timing is heritable, varies between individuals, and has implications for life-course health. There are many different indicators of pubertal timing, and how they relate to each other is unclear. Our aim was to quantitatively compare nine indicators of pubertal timing.
blandaltman: A command to create variants of Bland-Altman plots
blandaltman: A command to create variants of Bland–Altman plots Autores: Mark D. Chatfield, Tim J. Cole, Henrica C. W. de Vet, Louise Marquart Wilson, Daniel M. Farewel Localización: The Stata journal, ISSN 1536-867X, Vol. 23, Nº. 3, 2023, págs. 851-874 Idioma: inglés Enlaces Texto completo Resumen Bland–Altman plots can be useful in paired data settings such as measurement-method comparison studies.
An Unusual Sailboat Shines a Light On A Sustainable Future
In his younger days, Victorien Erussard was a long-distance solo sailor trying to save seconds per mile on big-time ocean races like La Route du Rhum. Now, Victorien has traded in his maxi-cat for another kind of multihull, but this time he’s trying to save the world. To continue reading this article or issue you must be a paid subscriber. Sign in Subscribe to Practical Sailor Get the next year of Practical Sailor for just $34.
Taking Care of Your 12-Volt Lead-Acid Battery Bank
Marine boat batteries can fail due to various reasons, and understanding these potential failure modes is crucial for ensuring their reliability. Here are some common ways 12-volt lead-acid marine batteries can fail: To continue reading this article or issue you must be a paid subscriber. Sign in Subscribe to Practical Sailor Get the next year of Practical Sailor for just $34. And access all of our online content - over 4,000 articles - free of charge. Subscribe today and save 42%.
Author Correction: 3D-printed liquid metal polymer composites as NIR-responsive 4D printing soft robot - Nature Communications
Correction to: Nature Communications https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-43667-4, published online 28 November 2023 The original version of this Article contained an error in Fig. 2a, in which the molecular structure of tert-butyl acrylate (TBAm) is incorrect. This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
An automated and intelligent microfluidic platform for microalgae detection and monitoring
An automated and intelligent microfluidic platform for microalgae detection and monitoring† Microalgae not only play a vital role in the ecosystem but also hold promising commercial applications. Conventional methods of detecting and monitoring microalgae rely on field sampling followed by transportation to the laboratory for manual analysis, which is both time-consuming and laborious.
An automated and intelligent microfluidic platform for microalgae detection and monitoring
An automated and intelligent microfluidic platform for microalgae detection and monitoring Microalgae not only play a vital role in the ecosystem but also hold promising commercial applications. Conventional methods of detecting and monitoring microalgae rely on field sampling followed by transportation to the laboratory for manual analysis, which is both time-consuming and laborious.
3D-printed liquid metal polymer composites as NIR-responsive 4D printing soft robot - Nature Communications
Abstract 4D printing combines 3D printing with nanomaterials to create shape-morphing materials that exhibit stimuli-responsive functionalities. In this study, reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization agents grafted onto liquid metal nanoparticles are successfully employed in ultraviolet light-mediated stereolithographic 3D printing and near-infrared light-responsive 4D printing.
Longitudinal Height Growth in Children and Adolescents with Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus Compared to Controls in Pune, India
Background. Height growth is affected by longterm childhood morbidity. Objectives. To compare the growth curves of Indian children diagnosed with Type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and a control group of children without diabetes, and to see how parental height and disease severity affect the growth pattern. Subjects and Methods.
Microfluidic Flow Cytometry for Blood-Based Biomarker Analysis
Microfluidic Flow Cytometry for Blood-Based Biomarker Analysis Yuxin Zhang, Ying Zhao, Tim Cole, Jiahao Zheng, Qiaoge Bayin, Jinhong Guo and Shiyang Tang Abstract Flow cytometry has proven its capability for rapid and quantitative analysis of individual cells and the separation of targeted biological samples from others. The emerging microfluidics technology makes it possible to develop portable microfluidic diagnostic devices for point-of-care testing (POCT) applications.
What if risk factors influenced the variability of health outcomes as well as the mean? Evidence and implications
Abstract Risk factors may affect the variability as well as the mean of health outcomes. Understanding this can aid aetiological understanding and public health translation, in that interventions which shift the outcome mean and reduce variability are preferable to those which affect only the mean. However, few statistical tools routinely test for differences in variability.
Effect of oxandrolone and timing of pubertal induction on final height in Turner syndrome: final analysis of the UK randomised placebo-controlled trial
Effect of oxandrolone and timing of pubertal induction on final height in Turner syndrome: final analysis of the UK randomised placebo-controlled trial Emma Jane Gault1, http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5711-8200Tim J Cole2, Sarah Casey3, Peter C Hindmarsh4, Peter Betts5, David B Dunger6, Malcolm D C Donaldson7 1 University of Glasgow College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK 2 Policy and Practice Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street, Institute of Child Health, London, UK 3...
Duration of obesity exposure between ages 10 and 40 years and its relationship with cardiometabolic disease risk factors: A cohort study
Loading metrics Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Tom Norris , Tim J. Cole, David Bann, Mark Hamer, Rebecca Hardy, Leah Li, Ken K. Ong, George B. Ploubidis, Russell Viner, William Johnson Tom Norris, Tim J. Cole, David Bann, Mark Hamer, Rebecca Hardy, Leah Li, Ken K. Ong, George B.
Book Review: Shuttle, Houston
Paul Dye, retired NASA flight director, describes what it takes to operate the most complex flying machine ever built. It was not just another day in the life of NASA flight director Paul Dye, who was sitting in the exalted center seat at mission control once occupied by those titans of American spaceflight, Chris Kraft and Gene Kranz. This day would start with an emergency. A loss-of-pressure alarm had gone off in the International Space Station.
Book Review: Shuttle, Houston
It was not just another day in the life of NASA flight director Paul Dye, who was sitting in the exalted center seat at mission control once occupied by those titans of American spaceflight, Chris Kraft and Gene Kranz. This day would start with an emergency. Paul Dye, retired NASA flight director, describes what it takes to operate the most complex flying machine ever built. Photo: NASA A loss-of-pressure alarm had gone off in the International Space Station.
Book Review: Shuttle, Houston
Paul Dye, retired NASA flight director, describes what it takes to operate the most complex flying machine ever built. It was not just another day in the life of NASA flight director Paul Dye, who was sitting in the exalted center seat at mission control once occupied by those titans of American spaceflight, Chris Kraft and Gene Kranz. This day would start with an emergency. A loss-of-pressure alarm had gone off in the International Space Station.
Effect of oxandrolone and timing of pubertal induction on final height in Turner syndrome: final analysis of the UK randomised placebo-controlled trial
Effect of oxandrolone and timing of pubertal induction on final height in Turner syndrome: final analysis of the UK randomised placebo-controlled trial Emma Jane Gault1, Tim J Cole2, Sarah Casey3, Peter C Hindmarsh4, Peter Betts5, David B Dunger6, Malcolm D C Donaldson7 1University of Glasgow College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK 2Policy and Practice Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street, Institute of Child Health, London, UK 3Pharmacy (Clinical Trials) Department, NHS...
Body composition reference charts for UK infants and children aged 6 weeks to 5 years based on measurement of total body water by isotope dilution
Abstract Background Until recently, pediatric body composition reference data were very limited, hindering interpretation of measurements. In the last decade, such data emerged for several techniques for children ≥ 5 years, but equivalent data for younger age groups remain lacking, due to their poor compliance with most techniques.
Metabolic rate of major organs and tissues in young adult South Asian women
Major organ-specific and tissue-specific metabolic rate (K ) values were initially estimated using in vivo methods, and values reported by Elia (Energy metabolism: tissue determinants and cellular corollaries, Raven Press, New York, 1992) were subsequently supported by statistical analysis. However, the majority of work to date on this topic has addressed individuals of European descent, whereas population variability in resting energy metabolism has been reported.
Blood pressure centiles for Great Britain
There is no satisfactory definition of hypertension in children.1 As a result, blood pressure is often not measured in paediatric clinical practice, and understanding the clinical significance of blood pressure readings in children is hampered by the lack of satisfactory reference data with which to interpret them. Reference blood pressure centiles should therefore improve the understanding of blood pressure variation in childhood.
Burden of child and adolescent obesity on health services in England
Objective To assess the numbers of obese children and young people (CYP) eligible for assessment and management at each stage of the childhood obesity pathway in England. Design Pathway modelling study, operationalising the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidance on childhood obesity management against national survey data. Setting Data on CYP aged 2–18 years from the Health Survey for England 2006 to 2013.
Statistics Notes: What is a percentage difference?
Tim J Cole, professor1, Douglas G Altman, professor2 1Population, Policy and Practice Programme, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK 2Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LD, UK Correspondence to: T J Cole tim.cole{at}ucl.ac.uk We use percentages to express differences as a fraction of the whole.
Statistics Notes: Percentage differences, symmetry, and natural logarithms
Despite its wide use in statistics, the logarithmic transformation can make non-statisticians uncomfortable.1234 This is a shame because logarithms have very useful properties, including a secret not widely known even among statisticians.
Decimal Points: Adventures in DNA
Though I have to admit my background in the hard sciences is very limited, the use of DNA to unravel the mysteries of the past — especially human evolution and genealogy — is something I find absolutely fascinating. A couple of years ago, I finally gave in to the urge and paid a genetic testing company to test my Y chromosome line.
Burden of child and adolescent obesity on health services in England
Objective To assess the numbers of obese children and young people (CYP) eligible for assessment and management at each stage of the childhood obesity pathway in England. Design Pathway modelling study, operationalising the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidance on childhood obesity management against national survey data. Setting Data on CYP aged 2–18 years from the Health Survey for England 2006 to 2013.
Decimal Points: Adventures in barbecue
One afternoon, years ago, I decided to make a barbecue pilgrimage to a restaurant called Keaton’s, located about an hour away from Greensboro just off I-40 near Statesville.Though known for their exceptional barbecued chicken, Keaton’s is a little disappointing from the outside — a very ordinary cinder block building more or less in the middle of nowhere.
Decimal Points: Allen Dulles was a real-life spy master
It’s sometimes said that spying is the world’s “second oldest profession” — after prostitution, of course, which is always first.From Rudyard Kipling to John le Carré, spying and spy craft has been immortalized in fiction, and many millions of readers can attest to how wonderfully entertaining spy novels can be.
Decimal Points: Exploring the story of Emma Jung
On Youtube you can find a number of old interviews of the famous psychologist Carl Jung (1875-1961). They mostly date from the 1950s, and the ever-present pipe, heavy Swiss/German accent, and little, round, owl-like eyeglasses only add to the perception of a wise sage with secret knowledge who could heal the tortured psyche.One of these clips is particularly revealing. It’s from the BBC’s “Face to Face” program in 1959. Jung is asked, does he believe in God?
Randomised crossover trial of rate feedback and force during chest compressions for paediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Since 2010 the International Resuscitation Guidelines have promoted paediatric compression rates of 100–120/min, depressing the chest by at least one-third of its anteroposterior diameter and allowing minimal interruption to compressions.1 ,2 However, evidence suggests that, even among health professionals, chest displacement during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is variable, compression rates often do not meet the guidelines, and the physiological effects of different patterns of CPR...
Decimal Points: A lost city in Honduras
Archaeology is full of romantic adventure tales of lost tombs and cities. Who isn’t fascinated by the story of Howard Carter finding the golden tomb of King Tutankhamen, or Heinrich Schliemann’s excavation of the Greek poet Homer’s windy Troy?But these discoveries took place long ago — in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Child to adult body mass index in the 1958 British birth cohort: associations with parental obesity
Obesity is a common nutritional disorder and is an important risk factor for several chronic diseases.1 2 Thus factors influencing the development of obesity have been sought with the aim of identifying appropriate prevention strategies.
Decimal Points: Paying my respects to Joseph Mitchell
The other week, on my way back from a brief respite at Ocean Isle Beach, I decided to detour through the little Robeson County town of Fairmont and hunt down the grave of the famous New Yorker journalist, Joseph Mitchell (1908-1996).Mitchell’s work is legendary, and he continues to be read and attract admirers for his keenly descriptive prose and vignettes of New Yorkers from long ago.The morning I drove to Fairmont, I’d finished Mitchell’s last and most famous book, “Joe Gould’s Secret”...
Pubertal timing and bone phenotype in early old age: findings from a British birth cohort study
Objectives: To investigate the effect of pubertal timing, assessed in adolescence, on bone size, strength and density in men and women in early old age.
Decimal Points: 'The 'Denial' of David Irving - Greensboro News & Record: Books And Literature
When I was in library school years ago, I presented a paper to my class on book theft — one of those persistent banes of librarianship. My focus was the theft of rare and valuable books from special collections and the sometimes eccentric characters who commit these dastardly deeds.
Decimal Points: Remembrances of elections past - Greensboro News & Record: Books And Literature
Remember Bush versus Gore and the “hanging chads”? No doubt that was the most exciting presidential election of my lifetime. I stayed up all night watching the coverage. As you may recall, the vote in Florida — which would ultimately decide the outcome — went back and forth throughout the evening. The media called the state for Bush in the wee hours of the morning, and Gore was getting ready to concede.
Multi-ethnic reference values for spirometry for the 3-95-yr age range: the global lung function 2012 equations
INTRODUCTION Pulmonary function tests fulfil a pivotal role in respiratory medicine. They are used to diagnose airways obstruction, assess its severity and prognosis, delineate risk factors (e.g. pre-operative assessment), detect early lung disease, and monitor for normal lung growth and lung function decline. Unlike the majority of biological indices in medicine, such as plasma concentrations of chemical analytes or hormones, pulmonary function varies with age, standing height, sex and ethnicity.
Child to adult body mass index in the 1958 British birth cohort: associations with parental obesity
OBJECTIVES To assess relations between the adiposity of children and their parents and to establish whether tracking of adiposity from childhood to adulthood varies according to the parental body mass index (BMI). METHODS Longitudinal data from the 1958 British birth cohort study were used (6540 men and 6207 women). The height and weight of the study subjects were measured at 7, 11, 16, 23 (self reported), and 33 years.
Randomised crossover trial of rate feedback and force during chest compressions for paediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Conclusions While visual feedback restricted excessive compression rates to within the prescribed range, applied force remained widely variable. The forces required may differ with growth, but such variation treating one manikin is alarming. Feedback technologies additionally measuring force (effort) could help to standardise and define effective treatments throughout childhood.
Randomised crossover trial of rate feedback and force during chest compressions for paediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Interventions A thin sensor-mat placed over the manikin's chest measured rate and force. Rescuers applied compressions to the same paediatric manikin for two sessions. During one session they received visual feedback comparing their real-time rate with published guidelines.
Decimal Points: The gloomy genius of Poe - Greensboro News & Record: Books And Literature
In October, I always think of Edgar Allan Poe, the poet, short-story writer and critic, who remains one of America’s most extraordinary literary figures. Maybe that’s because he died in October (Oct. 7, 1849, to be exact), or because the falling leaves remind me of the allusions to death and decay that play such a part in his poetry and stories. Or maybe because the month of October concludes with Halloween, which is apropos of Poe’s mastery of the horror genre.
Dental checks can't verify the age of child asylum seekers | New Scientist
David Davies: calling for X-raysMatthew Horwood / Alamy Stock PhotoBy Tim ColeImages of children who fled war and persecution being granted asylum in the UK have sparked controversy. Conservative MP David Davies has questioned the true age of some individuals and suggested border officials should perform dental scans to be sure they are not adults. International child protection laws mean asylum seekers are more likely to be admitted to the UK if they are under 18.
Decimal Points: Edward Porter Alexander and Alexander Porter Butterfield both were key players in U.S. history - Greensboro News & Record: Books And Literature
On a July afternoon in 1863, a young man named Edward Porter Alexander helped decide the fate of the Confederacy at a place called Gettysburg. And on a July afternoon in 1973, his great-grandson, Alexander Porter Butterfield, helped decide the fate of a president in a Senate hearing room in Washington, D.C. An online service is needed to view this article in its entirety. You need an online service to view this article in its entirety. Choose an online service.
Weight centile crossing in infancy: correlations between successive months show evidence of growth feedback and an infant-child growth transition
↵ 1 Supported by Medical Research Council grant MR/M012069/1 and the Great Ormond Street Hospital Children's Charity and by the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, NHS Foundation Trust, and University College London. This is an open access article distributed under the CC-BY license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ ).
Hasta la vista, Cuba!
That’s it. I’m off. It’s been four years. Four fascinating, complicated, frustrating, perplexing, wonderful years. Is Cuba the only country in the world where it’s simultaneously fast and furious and time stands still? There’s been change. Obama came and went. In El Vedado, a Maserati now parks alongside a Moscvich. People now IMO their Miami cousins from the local park. The Pope was here, then Madonna. Four million tourists flood in to bask on beaches or chug along in a Chevy.
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