Yingbin Li

Abstract Biodiversity loss threatens the multifunctionality of ecosystems on which human well-being ultimately depends. Multitrophic species interactions may be key to explaining the ecological consequences of biodiversity loss, but research explicitly linking species interactions and ecosystem multifunctionality remains rare.

Introduction Hypothyroidism is one of the most common endocrine disorders, and is defined as a systemic metabolic syndrome resulting from a reduction in the synthesis or secretion of thyroid hormones for a variety of etiologies (1, 2). It affects approximately 3-5% of pregnant women, with its prevalence being even higher in iodine-deficient areas due to pregnancy-induced alterations in hormone levels and iodine metabolism which can disrupt maternal thyroid function (3–5).

1 INTRODUCTION Abiotic and biotic characteristics of the soil can be shaped by the plants growing in the soil (Bardgett & van der Putten, 2014). This can result in soil legacies that can affect the performance of other plants growing in the soil later (Teste et al., 2017; van der Putten et al., 2013).