Yinglin Song

Abstract Photon upconversion (UC), while promising for infrared photonics, is fundamentally constrained by limited spectral response range, low efficiency, and slow response speeds. Here, we present a machine learning-guided single-photon UC strategy based on cascade pumping that implements a “LEGO-inspired photon stacking” mechanism, in which intermediate state of lanthanide ions (Ln3+) becomes a “virtual ground state” for direct single-photon pumping to target energy levels.

The chemistry of cyclometallated compounds, including palladium, platinum, ruthenium, iridium, and osmium compounds, has developed quite rapidly since the 1980s, when intensive studies of palladium and platinum compounds as catalysts were conducted. Then ruthenium and osmium compounds were obtained, and more recently, iridium analogues came to play [1].

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