Yingnan Hou

Research articleOnline nowOpen access Affiliations & Notes 1Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds/School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China 2State Key Laboratory of Animal Biodiversity Conservation and Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Article Info Publication History: Received February 12, 2026; Revised May 5, 2026; Accepted June 4, 2026; Published online June 8,...

Abstract AlphaFold is making great progress in protein structure prediction, not only for single-chain proteins but also for multi-chain protein complexes. When using AlphaFold-Multimer to predict protein‒protein complexes, we observed some unusual structures in which chains are looped around each other to form topologically intertwining links at the interface.

1. Introduction Urinary stones are one of the most frequent benign diseases with a high incidence of up to 20% worldwide (Hoffman et al., 2021). The most troubled and most studied of urolithiasis is the upper urinary stones, including nephrolithiasis and ureterolithiasis derived from the renal.